GRO 410 Ashford University Week 5 Death and Dying Discussion Paper Attached below are the sections I have completed just incorporate the completed sections

GRO 410 Ashford University Week 5 Death and Dying Discussion Paper Attached below are the sections I have completed just incorporate the completed sections into the paper.

Scaffold your paper around the following outline:

This paper needs to include an

Title Page

1. Introduction (half page) – (Incomplete)

Describe the paper’s overall thesis.
Provide an overview of main point.

2. Learning about Death – (Incomplete)

Describe Americans’ avoidance of death and dying.
Discuss research findings regarding perceptions of death from birth to 12 years of age.
Examine the death taboo with respect to elderly.

3. Facing Death – (Completed/Attached- just needs to be added into paper)

Describe the five stages of the dying process, as described by Kubler-Ross’s stages of the dying process.
Based on the discussions in the textbook, evaluate what is considered to be an “appropriate death”?

4. Hospice – (Completed/Attached- just needs to be added into paper)

Describe how a patient’s death represents a failure to a physician, how can medical schools assist in creating an attitude of acceptance of death as the final stage of growth?
Evaluate the film A Death of One’s Own Evaluate the controversial nature of the film and the challenge some dying American’s may face.
Discuss what is meant by “patient-centered” care?
Discuss palliative care, and how is it related to hospice care? How does it differ from the treatment given by most acute care hospitals?
Discuss hospice care? How does it differ from the treatment given by most acute care hospitals? Identify the major functions of a hospice program.
Discuss issues related to the family as a unit of care in hospice programs. How do hospices try to achieve quality of life for each “patient” they serve? How does the interdisciplinary hospice team concept help accomplish this?
In your opinion, are the negative aspects of hospice care? How would you suggest they be rectified?

5. Euthanasia- (Completed/Attached- just needs to be added into paper)

In the film, The Suicide Tourist (Links to an external site.) (2010), discuss the struggle for the family to support the patient’s wishes.
How does one balance dying and dignity?
In the end of the film suicide tourist did the patient die the way he wanted?

6. Grief and Loss – (Incomplete)

Describe the seven stages of grieving can be applied to losses through divorce, moving from one place to another, or the amputation of a limb (arm or leg).
Evaluate what might cause children to react differently to the death of a grandparent?

7. Conclusion – (Incomplete)

8. Separate Reference Page – Partially completed – Add your references for the 2 topics you address to the reference list attached , in the end, there should only be one reference list with combined with the references used from each topic.

Must begin with an introductory paragraph
Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your research findings
This overall assignment must use at least eight scholarly sources, be sure to integrate the information from your sources instead of simply inserting it.

While your textbook can be utilized as a source, it does not count towards your eight sources for this assignment.

Must document all sources in APA
If you need me to attach the textbook for the incomplete topic let me know. Scaffold your paper around the following outline:
Title Page
Introduction (half page) – (Incomplete)
•
Describe the paper’s overall thesis.
•
Provide an overview of main point.
Learning about Death – (Incomplete)
•
Describe Americans’ avoidance of death and dying.
•
Discuss research findings regarding perceptions of death from birth to 12 years of age.
•
Examine the death taboo with respect to elderly.
Facing Death – (Completed/Attached- just needs to be added into paper)
•
Describe the five stages of the dying process, as described by Kubler-Ross’s stages of the
dying process.
•
Based on the discussions in the textbook, evaluate what is considered to be an
“appropriate death”?
Hospice – (Completed/Attached- just needs to be added into paper)
•
Describe how a patient’s death represents a failure to a physician, how can medical
schools assist in creating an attitude of acceptance of death as the final stage of growth?
•
Evaluate the film A Death of One’s Own (Links to an external site.) (2000). Evaluate the
controversial nature of the film and the challenge some dying American’s may face.
•
Discuss what is meant by “patient-centered” care?
•
Discuss palliative care, and how is it related to hospice care? How does it differ from the
treatment given by most acute care hospitals?
•
Discuss hospice care? How does it differ from the treatment given by most acute care
hospitals? Identify the major functions of a hospice program.
•
Discuss issues related to the family as a unit of care in hospice programs. How do
hospices try to achieve quality of life for each “patient” they serve? How does the
interdisciplinary hospice team concept help accomplish this?
•
In your opinion, are the negative aspects of hospice care? How would you suggest they
be rectified?
Euthanasia- (Completed/Attached- just needs to be added into paper)
•
In the film, The Suicide Tourist (Links to an external site.) (2010), discuss the struggle for
the family to support the patient’s wishes.
•
How does one balance dying and dignity?
•
In the end of the film suicide tourist did the patient die the way he wanted?
Grief and Loss – (Incomplete)
•
Describe the seven stages of grieving can be applied to losses through divorce, moving
from one place to another, or the amputation of a limb (arm or leg).
•
Evaluate what might cause children to react differently to the death of a grandparent?
Conclusion – (Incomplete)
Separate Reference Page – Partially completed – Add your references for the 2 topics you
address to the reference list attached , in the end, there should only be one reference list
with combined with the references used from each topic.
•
Must begin with an introductory paragraph (Links to an external site.).
•
Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
•
Must end with a conclusion (Links to an external site.) that reaffirms your research
findings
•
Must use at least eight scholarly sources, be sure to integrate the information from your
sources instead of simply inserting it.
•
o
The Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources table offers
additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about
whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your
instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific
source for a assignment.
o
While your textbook can be utilized as a source, it does not count towards your
eight sources for this assignment.
Must document all sources in APA
•
Must include a separate references page (Links to an external site.)
Topic 2 – Completed w/reference page included
1. Facing Death
A. Discuss Glaser and Strauss’s four awareness contexts. Which do
you think most often exists in a medical setting with dying
patients?
Glaser and Strauss’s four awareness contexts consist of both closed and suspected awareness,
mutual pretense, and open awareness. An example of closed awareness is when the medical staff
knows that the patient is dying but the patient himself is not aware because the patient is in an
unconscious state. Next, is suspected awareness. An example of suspected awareness is when a
patient is told that their cancer has returned. The patient is aware or suspect that their cancer has
returned but unsure if it the cancer is terminal. Mutual pretense is when all involved parties
including both the patient and the patient’s family and the medical team are aware that the
patient will die but no one openly talks about it. Finally, the last awareness context is open
awareness. An example of open awareness is the opposite of mutual pretense. During open
awareness, all parties including the patient, patient’s family and medical staff willingly
acknowledge that death is imminent.
The awareness context that I believe to be the most common within a medical setting with a
dying patient is mutual pretense. In mutual-pretense, parties engage in conversations that are
positive and safe. According to Stacey et al. (2019), mutual pretense creates a serene
environment that minimizes stress and anxiety within both the patient and family members.
B. Based on the discussions in the textbook, what is an “appropriate death”?
An “appropriate death” is also referred to as a planned death. Based on the discussions in the
textbook, “an appropriate death is the type of death that one would choose if given the
opportunity” (Leming & Dickinson, 2018). For example, if I could choose my cause of death, the
location where I want to die as well as the date and time that I want to die, is an example of an
appropriate death. Another example of an appropriate death is when a patient is terminally ill and
make plans to die in the comfort of their own home surrounded by love ones rather than in a
hospital. According to the psychology dictionary, “the type of death a person would select if
provided the opportunity is mainly influenced by perception” (N.,2013). An “appropriate death”
is one that follows an individual’s both cultural and personal norm.
C. Name and briefly describe the five stages of the dying process, as
researched by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross.
“The five stages of the dying process, as researched by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross includes denial,
anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance” (Scambler, 2018). The first stage of the dying
process is denial. Denial is the emotional response of the patient’s awareness of looming death.
A patient at the denial stage does not believe that he or she is going to die. According to
Scambler (2018), denial assists a patient to ease fearful thoughts and anxiety. The next stage is
anger. During this stage, a person decentralizes feelings of resentment and rage after accepting
that the correctness of the diagnosis. Next, is the bargaining stage. The bargaining stage occurs
when a patient tries to negotiate or bargain with God, nurses, doctors, or even family for less
suffering, more time, or a cure. After the bargaining stage, next comes depression. Depression is
the fourth stage of the dying process and is where a patient develops grief after coming accepting
that death is awaiting and cannot be avoided through bargaining. Last, is the final stage of the
dying process which is acceptance. The acceptance stage is when a person accepts and
understand that there is nothing that can be done, that death is inevitable. During the acceptance
stage the patient is calm and at peace eventually embracing the end of his or her life.
D. Why high school and college-aged students have a higher level of death anxiety than junior
high school students.
High school and college- age students both have a higher level of death anxiety than junior high
school students because they have developed a self-realization regarding the meaningfulness of
life. This self- realization magnifies life’s basic propensities and goals as compared to junior
high school students. The mere thought of death threatens their meaning in life and goals. Grubb
& Arthur noted, “that students might develop a higher level of death anxiety such as selfrealization theories, search-for-meaning theories, self-concept discrepancy theory, and denial
theories argue that self-realization, meaning in life, self-concept, and denial, respectively, dictate
the death anxiety in college students” (Grubb & Arthur 2015).
E. What does death mean to you? What are your personal anxieties regarding
and dying?
death
Death to me means the end of life as we know it. My personal anxieties regarding death is dying
and leaving the ones I love the most, my children. I also fear losing one of my children, siblings,
parents, or close friends. I am very much afraid of one of these people I hold dear to my heart
leaving me forever. Just the mere thought of them dying and leaving me here to suffer in
mourning and with memories of a life with them and expected to go on as usual is unimaginable.
Personally, I believe we as humans all experience the same depth of pain when experiencing
death of a love one. I honestly do not think I will be able to deal with death or grief such as this.
Nevertheless, what frightens me the most is the fear of what happens after death not to me in
death but me leaving my children here to fend for themselves. The thought of the pain that they
will endure during either death of myself or them. According to Kumar & Parashar, “the beliefs,
thoughts, images, and attitudes concerning dying and death influence one’s anxieties” (Kumar &
Parashar, 2015).
References
Anderson, N. E., Kent, B., & Owens, R. G. (2015). Experiencing patient death in clinical
practice: Nurses’ recollections of their earliest memorable patient death. International
Journal Of Nursing Studies, 52(3), 695-704.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.12.005
Grubb, C., & Arthur, A. (2016). Student nurses’ experience of and attitudes towards care of the
dying: A cross-sectional study. Palliative Medicine, 30(1), 83-88 6p.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216315616762
Kumar, C. S., & Parashar, N. (2015). Death anxiety, coping and spirituality among cancer
patients. Indian Journal Of Positive Psychology, 6(3), 291. Retrieved from
http://www.proquest.com/
Leming, M., & Dickinson, G. (2018). Understanding dying, death, and bereavement (8th ed.).
Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.
Scambler, G. (2018). Death, dying and bereavement. Sociology as Applied to Health and
Medicine, 121.
Stacey, C. L., Pai, M., Novisky, M. A., & Radwany, S. M. (2019). Revisiting ‘awareness
contexts’ in the 21st century hospital: How fragmented and specialized care shape
patients’ Awareness of Dying. Social Science & Medicine, 220, 212-218.
N., Pam M.S., “APPROPRIATE DEATH,” in PsychologyDictionary.org, April 7,
2013, https://psychologydictionary.org/appropriate-death/ (accessed May 11, 2020).
Topic 3 Hospice – Completed w/Reference Page Included
1. HOSPICE
a) What is meant by “patient-centered” care? (Use the space below to complete this
section.)
Patient-centered care is the act or exercises of taking care of patients in a manner that is
meaningful and useful to the patient. Patient- centered care consists of listening,
informing, and engaging patients, which also focuses on the patient’s specific healthcare
needs (Lusk & Fater, 2013). In patient-centered care, patients fully engage in their
medical treatment in close association with the health experts. Patient-centered care is
essential in empowering patients to be active players in their care.
b) What is palliative care, and how is it related to hospice care? How does it differ from the
treatment given by most acute care hospitals? (Use the space below to complete this
section.)
Palliative care is an approach that enhances the patient’s quality of life associated with
life-threatening ailments, using prevention and solace of agonizing through the early
identification means an exemplary evaluation and treatment of pain and other issues
which are either psychosocial, physical and spiritual (Morrison & Meier, 2004).
Palliative care is like hospice care in that both give extensive comfort care and support
the family (Hui, Cruz, Mori, Parsons, Kwon, Vigil, & Kang, 2013). Palliative care starts
at the diagnosis and during treatment, however, hospice care tends to start after the
treatment is stopped and when the patient condition is terminal.
Palliative care differs from the treatment provided by most acute care hospital because
palliative care offers a long-term treatment for both patients and their families. In
contrast, acute care gives patients an effective but short-term treatment for critical
injuries or illness (Walley, Orlow, Forsythe, Chetty, Mitchell, & Jack, 2012). Acute care
is only provided for urgent medical conditions or during surgery recovery, and has an
objective of discharging patients immediately, once they’re deemed as healthy or stable.
c) What is hospice care? How does it differ from the treatment given by most acute care
hospitals? Identify the major functions of a hospice program. (Use the space below to
complete this section.)
Hospice care is a type of health care type which pays attention to palliation of the
incurable or terminally sick patient’s pain and symptoms while attending to both their
emotional and spiritual needs to the end of life (Hui, Cruz, Mori, Parsons, Kwon, Vigil,
& Kang, 2013). Hospice care prioritizes both support and quality of life to relieve pain
and suffering.
Hospice care differs from the treatment provided by most acute care hospitals in that,
hospice care is long term and very supportive to its patients and their families. However,
acute care offers its patient short term treatment for their injuries and tends to discharge
their patients immediately once they are deemed healthy or immediately following
surgery recovery (Walley, Orlow, Forsythe, Chetty, Mitchell, & Jack, 2012).
One primary function of a hospice program includes providing care for patients from the
initial point where their condition is diagnosed as terminal, until the end of life. Hospice
programs places a great value of respect, dignity regarding the patient’s wishes and
focuses on looking after both the needs of the patient and the needs of the patient’s family
(Hui, Cruz, Mori, Parsons, Kwon, Vigil, & Kang, 2013). Lastly, this program helps in
relieving the mental, physical, spiritual, and emotional suffering of both, the patient, and
their loved ones.
d) Discuss issues related to the family as a unit of care in hospice programs. How do
hospices try to achieve quality of life for each “patient” they serve? How does the
interdisciplinary hospice team concept help accomplish this? (Use the space below to
complete this section.)
Some of the issues related to the family as the unit of care in hospice programs includes
physical pain, numerous intense emotions, depression, and loss of dignity, despair and
tedious tasks which require to get addressed during the end of life (Hiatt, Stelle, Mulsow
& Scott, 2007). Therefore, a comprehension of the dying patient’s experiences needs
assist clinicians in enhancing their care of the fatally ill.
Hospice should try to achieve the quality of life for each patient they serve by offering
treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation to patients who have a life expectancy of
around six months or less, and the purpose of the treatment is not to cure but care (Hiatt,
Stelle, Mulsow & Scott, 2007). The treatments they offer will help in making the patients
comfortable by managing pain, and they should also work closely with their patients and
provide support in every available service.
The hospice interdisciplinary team concept serves an essential purpose in hospice care.
This team entails health aides, therapists, nurses, counselors and physicians and their
concepts helps in addressing the hospice patient’s emotional, physical, mental, and also
spiritual needs (Clark, Leedy, McDonald, Muller, Lamb, Mendez, & Schonwetter, 2007).
e) What, in your opinion, are the negative aspects of hospice care? How would you suggest
they be rectified? (Use the space below to complete this section.)
In my opinion, some of the negative aspects of hospice care consist of denial of
several diagnostic tests like X-rays and blood work, which might result in issues dues
to restrictions given on the numerous elements of treatment. An example of a
negative aspect includes when hospitalization is discouraged when a person enters
hospice care (Hiatt, Stelle, Mulsow & Scott, 2007). In the end, engagement in
experimental treatments and clinical tests is not an option because these tests are
considered life-prolonging. Personally, I believe the negative aspects mentioned
above can be rectified by allowing hospice care patients to receive all required tests
such as X-rays, blood work, clinical tests and experimental treatments if tests such as
these help patients to both relax and recuperate.
f) If you were terminally ill, would you consider entering a hospice? Explain your answer
referring to specific reasons such as cost, family burden, and imminent death. (Use the
space below to complete this section.)
If I were terminally ill, I would consider entering hospice care because the program
helps in providing quality care and is affordable since it leads to a reduction of
expenses for medical supplies and medications. Hospice care also helps in relieving
the patient’s family burden by ensuring that the patient’s needs are met and allows
family members to spend their time focusing on essential things within their own
lives (Hiatt, Stelle, Mulsow & Scott, 2007). The family also gets to deal with their
emotions brought on by a tough situation. Finally, I would consider entering hospice
care because it helps one prepare for their imminent death both psychologically,
spiritually, mentally, and emotionally, while alleviating both pain and suffering.
2.
Reference List (utilizing full APA citations)
(Use the space below to complete this section.)
References
Clark, L., Leedy, S., McDonald, L., Muller, B., Lamb, C., Mendez, T. … & Schonwetter, R.
(2007). Spirituality and job satisfaction among hospice interdisciplinary team
members. Journal of palliative medicine, 10(6), 1321-1328.
Hiatt, K., Stelle, C., Mulsow, M., & Pearson, Scott, J. (2007). The importance of perspective:
evaluation of hospice care from multiple stakeholders. American Journal of Hospice and
Palliative Medicine®, 24(5), 376-382.
Hui, D., De La Cruz, M., Mori, M., Parsons, H. A., Kwon, J. H., Torres-Vigil, I. … & Kang, D.
H. (2013). Concepts and definitions for “supportive care,” “best supportive care,”
“palliative care,” and “hospice care” in the published literature, dictionaries, and
textbooks. Supportive Care in Cancer, 21(3), 659-685.
Katz, R. S., & Genevay, B. (2002). Our patients, our families, ourselves: The impact of the
professional’s emotional responses on end-of-life care. American Behavioral
Scientist, 46(3), 327-339.
Lusk, J. M., & Fater, K. (2013, April). A concept analysis of patient-centered care. In Nursing
Forum (Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 89-98).
Morrison, R. S., & Meier, D. E. (2004). Palliative care. New England Journal of
Medicine, 350(25), 2582-2590.
Olsen, M. L., Swetz, K. M., & Mueller, P. S. (2010, October). Ethical decision making with endof-life care: palliative sedation and withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining
treatments. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 85, No. 10, pp. 949-954). Elsevier.
Walley, A. Y., Paasche-Orlow, M., Lee, E. C., Forsythe, S., Chetty, V. K., Mitchell, S., & Jack,
B. W. (2012). Acute care hospital utilization among medical inpatients discharged with a
substance use disorder diagnosis—Journal of addiction medicine, 6(1), 50.
Topic 4 _ Euthanasia (completed w/reference page included
1. DE…
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