University of Toronto Linguistics for Phonemes Allophones Phonological Rules Questions Take a look at the following data from a made-up language, and pay a

University of Toronto Linguistics for Phonemes Allophones Phonological Rules Questions Take a look at the following data from a made-up language, and pay attention to the phones [n] and [m]. The English translation of each word is given next to it. Then use this data to answer questions 1-3 below:

azaga “child”

ambuza “brother”

istaga “road”

saraga “house”

alapas “horse”

anadsi “tree”

leguza “city”

ilugsu “island”

muzuri “friend”

tizupa “morning”

dizi “water”

alnu “wind”

anbuza “sister”

amadsi “chicken”

sibus “mountain”

smali “sun”

ibats “sky”

amti “dog”

Questions:

State whether [n] and [m] are allophones of the same phoneme or of different phonemes.
If they are allophones of different phonemes, provide one example of a minimal pair which demonstrates this.
If they are allophones of the same phoneme, state which one is the underlying allophone and which one is the derived allophone. (You can say this in plain words, you don’t need to make a tree diagram.) Then write a simple rule which describes this allophony using the notation we’ve practiced in class (Ex: [underlying phoneme] –> [what it turns into]/[the environment where it happens].
Make sure you use natural classes wherever possible when writing the rule. You can write “V” instead “vowel” or “vowels” and you can write “C” for “consonant” or “consonants”. To make an arrow for the rule, you can simply copy-paste this: –>

Do not list the environments of every sound or provide any other information except for what is asked in questions 1-3 above. Take a look at the following data from a made-up language, and pay attention to the phones [n] and [m]. The English translation of each word is given next to it. Then use this data to answer questions
1-3 below:
azaga “child”
tizupa “morning”
ambuza “brother”
dizi “water”
istaga “road”
alnu “wind”
saraga “house”
anbuza “sister”
alapas “horse”
amadsi “chicken”
anadsi “tree”
sibus “mountain”
leguza “city”
smali “sun”
ilugsu “island”
ibats “sky”
muzuri “friend”
amti “dog”
Questions:
1. State whether [n] and [m] are allophones of the same phoneme or of different phonemes.
2. If they are allophones of different phonemes, provide one example of a minimal pair which demonstrates this.
3. If they are allophones of the same phoneme, state which one is the underlying allophone and which one is the derived allophone. (You can say this in plain words, you don’t need to make a tree
diagram.) Then write a simple rule which describes this allophony using the notation we’ve practiced in class.
Make sure you use natural classes wherever possible when writing the rule. You can write “V” instead “vowel” or “vowels” and you can write “C” for “consonant” or “consonants”. To make an arrow
for the rule, you can simply copy-paste this: –>
Do not list the environments of every sound or provide any other information except for what is asked in questions 1-3 above. (I recommend you make any other notes you need in a separate
document, then enter an answer here when you’ve found the solution.)
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