Solution-How animals use them for locomotion | Homework Help

These are A&P questions.

1. Understand nitrogen excretion strategies and which animals use which strategy, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy. (Not sure what the advantages and disadvantages are.)

2. Understand the constraints animals must deal with in order to move in different media (e.g. water and air) and environments (e.g. in air, on land, in water). (I came up with lift, laminar and turbulent flow, and thickness of the boundary layer, are there more?)

3. Know the various types of muscle fibers and how animals use them for locomotion. (What types are there? I can only think of red and white muscles.)

4. Understand how action potentials occur in pacemaker cells (myogenic) and myocardial cells.

5. How does the heart act as a pump? (I know it has to do with the one-way direction and systole and diastole, but is that it?)