Mount Royal University Sexually Transmitted Diseases Worksheet I need to do a job following this pattern. My subject is sexually transmitted diseases. 1 AP

Mount Royal University Sexually Transmitted Diseases Worksheet I need to do a job following this pattern. My subject is sexually transmitted diseases. 1
APA versión 7
Assignment
Sampling, Article Review, and Scales of Measurement
by
Your Name
MAC 2205 Statistics and Probability
Prof. Yoan Valdes Vigil, Ms.Ed.M
Miami Regional University
2020
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PROPOSAL DEVELOPMENT
Alignment Chart
Problem Statement / Phenomenon of Interest/ Research Problem
Gap(s) in the Literature
The gap, also considered the missing piece or pieces in the research literature, is the area that
has not yet been explored or is under-explored. This could be a population or sample (size, type,
location, etc.), research method, data collection and/or analysis, or other research variables or c
A research gap is defined as a topic or area for which missing or insufficient information limits the
ability to reach a conclusion for a question. A research need is defined as a gap that limits the
ability of decision-makers (policy-makers, patients, practitioners) from making decisions.”
Purpose Statement
Tentative Research Approach/Design
Research approach can be divided into three types: Deductive research approach.
Inductive research approach. Abductive research approach.
Type of
Study
Cross sectional/ Retrospective/ Prospective
Procedures
History/ descriptive /Experimental
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Methods
Ask an
MRU
Librarian
Quantitative/ qualitative / Mixed Methods
Format Reviewer:
Sherry Cortes: scortes@mru.edu
Katia Nunez: knunez@mru.edu
Question (Picot Questions)
Etiology PICOT Question: Are kids (P) who have obese adoptive parents (I) at Increased risk for
obesity (O) compared with kids (P) without obese adoptive parents (C) during the ages of five
and 18 (T)?
How does brand packaging influence consumer’s behavior/perception of smoking?
Information
Tobacco use is responsible for 5.4 million deaths every year worldwide and is a leading cause of
preventable death. The burden of these deaths is rapidly shifting to low and middle-income countries,
such as Brazil. Brazil has prohibited most forms of tobacco advertising; however, the cigarette pack
remains a primary source of marketing. The current study examined how tobacco packaging
influences brand appeal and perceptions of health risk among young women in Brazil.
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Hypothesis
Null: The is no relationship between the cigarette package branding and the consumer’s
perception of smoking.
Alternative: The is a relationship between the cigarette package branding and the
consumer’s perception of smoking.
Test the hypothesis/data
A between-subjects experiment was conducted in which 640 Brazilian women aged 16–26
participated in an online survey. Participants were randomized to view 10 cigarette packages
according to one of three experimental conditions: standard branded packages, the same packs
without brand imagery (“plain packaging”), or the same packs without brand imagery or descriptors
(e.g., flavors). Participants rated packages on perceived appeal, taste, health risk, smoothness, and
smoker attributes. Finally, participants were shown a range of branded and plain packs from which
they could select one as a free gift, which constituted a behavioral measure of appeal.
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Results
Conclusions
Branded packs were rated as significantly more Plain packaging and removal of descriptors
appealing, better tasting, and smoother on the throat may reduce the appeal of smoking for youth
than plain packs. Branded packs were also and young adults, and consequently reduce
associated with a greater number of positive smoker smoking susceptibility. Overall, the findings
attributes including style and sophistication, and provide
support
for
plain
packaging
were perceived as more likely to be smoked by regulations, such as those in Australia
females than the plain packs.
Population
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In statistics the term population is defined as whole part or group of phenomena that
has something in common – the entire collection of individuals. While sample is a subset or
portion of that population that containing the individuals or elements that are observed. For
example, in the scenario of the author’s dissertation he defined the population as the 2053
students of the University in South Florida and as a sample 307 students that are enrolled in
algebra class.
Sample
In statistics the term population is defined as whole part or group of phenomena that
has something in common – the entire collection of individuals. While sample is a subset or
portion of that population that containing the individuals or elements that are observed. For
example, in the scenario of the author’s dissertation he defined the population as the 2053
students of the University in South Florida and as a sample 307 students that are enrolled in
algebra class.
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Variables
The two main variables in an experiment are the independent and dependent variable.
An independent variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test
the effects on the dependent variable.
A dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment
Hypothesis
The null and alternative hypotheses are two mutually exclusive statements about a population. A
hypothesis test uses sample data to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.
Null hypothesis (H0)
The null hypothesis states that a population parameter (such as the mean, the standard
deviation, and so on) is equal to a hypothesized value. The null hypothesis is often an
initial claim that is based on previous analyses or specialized knowledge.
Alternative Hypothesis (H1)
The alternative hypothesis states that a population parameter is smaller, greater, or
different than the hypothesized value in the null hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis is
what you might believe to be true or hope to prove true.
Check the week 13
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Bias in Research (Ex: Confounding Bias)
Bias in content of research is a proper research that must be double blinded not only for
the participants; the control or experimental group should not be aware if they are receiving
the placebo or the experimental variable. Bias can be the result of improper conducted
experiment where the data does not reflect properly the true.
Levels of Measurement
There are four levels of measurement in statistics:
Nominal is the lower level that could be exclusive or exhaustive, is referring to a
quality or attribute that is only named examples of the will be: gender, ethnicity, marital status,
and medical diagnosis.
Ordinal is attribute that can be ordered, and the distance is meaningless, can also be
categories, and rank. Examples of ordinals variables are: acute pain, military rank, level of
preferences, and categories of the professor.
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Interval the distances is meaningful, there is no absolute zero, examples of interval
are: Fahrenheit scale and centigrade scale.
Ratio is the highest form of measurement, which has an absolute zero point, where
zero the property is absent, examples of ratio are: blood pressure, pulse, respiration, weight,
body mass index (MBI), and laboratory values.
Sampling Procedure
In this study, Alsup (2005) selected the research’s sample from the population of
math’s students during the Fall Semester of 2001. The selected students were enrolled in
mathematics courses in a small university of the Midwest (Alsup, 2005). The sample for the
study was selected randomly; the researcher divided the participant in three groups: 27
students received Math Concept I content, 17 participant received Math Concept II, and 17
students Math Concept I represented I represent the control group (Alsup, 2005). The article
does not reflect if a probability sample method was used. All the selected participants
completed a 25-item scale survey that measure their level of anxiety; the abbreviation Version
of the Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (AMARS) was established by Alexander and
Martray in 1989 (Alsup, 2005). The author also measures the teaching efficacy through the
Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Believe Instrument (MTEBI) (Alsup, 2005).
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Data Analysis
The statistical method used by the researcher was analysis of the covariance
(ANOVA); ANOVA used the pretest and posttest to compare the experimental and the control
group (Alsup, 2005). The teaching method was varied between the experimental and the
control group; for the group under experimentation a different type of pedagogy method was
used (Alsup, 2005). The instructor acted as a facilitator, while the students discussed,
analyzed, and proposed solutions to the math problems. The control group was exposed to a
teacher-center on a traditional lecture environment. At the end of the trial, the student’s level
of anxiety [dependent variable (DV)] was determined and compared between the control and
the experimental group (Alsup, 2005). The level of measurement for the DV was interval. The
article includes tables that clearly display the study’s results.
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Findings
The researcher found that the students exposed to the constructivist approach method
of learning showed a decreased level of math anxiety, as well as an increase in the level of
teaching efficacy compared with the control group (Alsup, 2005). The author openly explained
the findings reflected on the tables. The study’s results correspond with the author’s
expectation; Alsup (2005) described the relationship between the instructional method and the
results: The students felt more confident with their ability to handle math and the instructor
perceived a great degree of student’s engagement. However, Math Concept II students did not
show significant difference when compared with the control group. The author attributes these
results to the fact that Math Concept II group was smaller, and the students of this cohort know
each other (Alsup, 2005). The outcomes of this research are significantly relevant for
educators to consider the implementation of the constructivist approach on the learning setting.
Based on the results of Alsup’s research the students feel less math anxiety and display
teaching self-efficacy when the learning environment is student-centered. The study was led in
an unbiased manner and objectively showed noteworthy results.
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Protection of Human Rights
•
Review the Office of Human Research Protections (OHRP) Web site. OHRP provides
leadership and oversight on all matters related to the protection of human subjects
participating in research conducted or supported by the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services. OHRP helps ensure that such research is carried out with the highest ethical
standards and in an environment where all who are involved in the conduct of oversight of
human subject’s research understand their primary responsibility for protecting the rights,
welfare, and well-being of subjects.
•
•
Consult with your IRB. When your protocol is ready and you think you have done a
thorough and thoughtful job of addressing the Protection of Human Subjects issues, you may
want to meet informally with your Institutional Review Board (IRB) chair or administrator.
Ask what the IRB has been concerned about lately. Ask for a “quick read” of the Human
Subjects Protection section of your protocol. Listen more than you speak. Rework the
pertinent sections as necessary!
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Prospective Budget
Health research improves the quality of human lives and society which plays a vital
role in social and economic development of the nation. Financial support is crucial for
research. However, winning a research grant is a difficult task. A successful grant-winning
application requires two key elements: one is an innovative research problem with best
probable idea/plan for tackling it and appropriate planning of budget. The aim of the present
paper is to give an insight on funding agencies providing funding for health research including
traditional Indian medicine (from an Indian perspective) and key points for planning and
writing budget section of a grant application.
Rent/ Housing
$20,000
Materials/ Medication Used
$10,000
Food
$7,000
Funding for Participants
$252,000 ($3K per person)
Doctor- Monitor Participants Health
$5,000
Extra Expenses
$6,000
TOTAL BUDGET: $300,000
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References
Analyze the refences
For this study, there are 36 confirmed references which were sources for this author to
improve his research. These sources date from various years but mainly ranging from 20002013. Most of then from last 5 years and in APA style.
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Metacognitive reflection
Check the TECHNICAL NOTE 13
The reason why I chose to do this research article as my project is because I myself suffer
from terribe headaches. Through this process I hoped to gain some insight knowledge not only
for my condition but for others as I one day will become a nurse. Choosing the article was no
easy task. The article I chose must contain key factors such as following ethical back grounds
(HIPA & OSHA). As I was going through this article I realized that there is a lot that goes in
to releasing a new medication. The budget was a lot more expensive than I though. Through
this Project I also gained a better understanding of how statistics is used in very day life. In
this project I had to set aside things like the population and the type of sampling being used.
Over all my thinking process was inclined toward both the mathematical and the analytical
which I found very peculiar while doing this assignment.

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