McDonalds Case Study Presentation 1) Research and identify your case study company and post the name. The following companies may not be chosen: Apple, Sam

McDonalds Case Study Presentation 1) Research and identify your case study company and post the name. The following companies may not be chosen: Apple, Samsung, Facebook, Tesla, Amazon, Walmart, Google, Microsoft, Coca Cola, Uber, and Starbucks.–due date 06/05/2020

2)Provide the outline for the following case study provided . due date 06/23/2020

3) The final case study paper should cover 4 sections including an overview of the company and its competitive landscape along with 3 other sections addressing specific issues, problems, or strategies the company is facing. due date 06/23/2020

Each section should be 1.5 – 2.0 pages

The first section should be an overview of the company. What does the company do? What product or service does it offer? Where is it located? Who are its main competitors and what is the market structure (e.g. pure competition, monopoly, oligopoly, etc.)? How is it regulated? This first section should provide a background or base-line understanding of the company in support of the rest of the paper.

For the remaining sections, pick any three from the following:

A demand analysis illustrating the most applicable terms
A production and cost analysis illustrating the most applicable terms.
A pricing analysis illustrating the most applicable terms.
A “What they got wrong” analysis detailing a strategy mistake using the course concepts.
A “What they got right” analysis detailing a strategy win using the course concepts.

If you are having trouble addressing or finding enough information for any of the sections above, you can augment your analysis by articulating what you think the company should do. For example, if you can’t find any information on your company’s pricing strategy, explain how you would price the product or service and why. This is Organizational (managerial) Economics; make some decisions on behalf of your company and support them using concepts and ideas from the class!

Use the complete APA style of writing including a title page with running head, abstract, body, and reference list

4) Case study Power point presentation due date 06/23/2020

the presentation should contain the below information

Introduction on the company (overview), what does the company do, what product or service does it offer, and where is it located (headquarters)
Who are its main competitors (list all competitors)?
What is the market structure (e.g. pure competition, monopoly, oligopoly, etc.)?
How is it regulated?
What they got wrong analysis detailing a strategy mistake using the course concepts
What they got right analysis detailing a strategy win using the course concepts

Power point presentation should be 10- 12 slides minimum Confirming Pages
INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
IN CONTEXTS
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INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
IN CONTEXTS
FIFTH EDITION
Judith N. Martin
Arizona State University
Thomas K. Nakayama
Northeastern University
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INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXTS
Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue
of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or
by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.
Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers
outside the United States.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 0 9
ISBN: 978-0-07-338512-9
MHID: 0-07-338512-3
Vice president and editor-in-chief: Michael Ryan
Publisher: Frank Mortimer
Sponsoring editor: Katie Stevens
Director of development: Dawn Groundwater
Development editor: Craig Leonard
Editorial coordinator: Erika Lake
Marketing manager: Leslie Oberhuber
Marketing Specialist: Rebecca Saidlower
Senior production editor: Mel Valentín
Production assistant: Rachel J. Castillo
Production service: Matrix Productions Inc.
Design manager: Preston Thomas
Designer: Allister Fein
Cover designer: Allister Fein
Photo researcher: Poyee Oster
Media project manager: Thomas Brierly
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The text was set in 10.5/12 Janson by Laserwords, and printed on acid-free 45# New Era Matte
Plus by R.R. Donnelly & Sons.
Cover image: © William Whitehurst /Corbis
Because this page cannot legibly accommodate all acknowledgements for copyrighted material,
credits appear at the end of the book, and constitute an extension of this copyright page.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Martin, Judith N.
Intercultural communication in contexts / Judith Martin, Thomas Nakayama. — 5th ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN-13: 978-0-07-338512-9 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-07-338512-3 (alk. paper)
1. Intercultural communication. I. Nakayama, Thomas K. II. Title.
HM1211.M373 2010
303.48’2—dc22
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VVVVVV
About the Authors
The two authors of this book come to intercultural communication from very
different backgrounds and very different research traditions. Yet we believe that
these differences offer a unique approach to thinking about intercultural communication. We briefly introduce ourselves here, but we hope that by the end of
the book you will have a much more complete understanding of who we are.
Judith Martin grew up in Mennonite communities, primarily in Delaware
and Pennsylvania. She has studied at the Université de Grenoble in France
and has taught in Algeria. She received her doctorate
at the Pennsylvania State University. By background
and training, she is a social scientist who has focused
on intercultural communication on an interpersonal
level and has studied how people’s communication
is affected as they move or sojourn between international locations. She has taught at the State University
of New York at Oswego, the University of Minnesota,
the University of New Mexico, and Arizona State University. She enjoys gardening, going to Mexico, and
hosting annual Academy Awards parties, and she does
not miss the harsh Midwestern winters.
Tom Nakayama grew up mainly in Georgia, at
a time when the Asian American presence was much
less than it is now. He has studied at the Université
de Paris and various universities in the United States.
He received his doctorate from the University of Iowa.
By background and training, he is a critical rhetorician
who views intercultural communication in a social context. He has taught at the California State University
at San Bernardino and Arizona State University. He is
now professor and chair of communication studies at
Northeastern University in Boston. He lives near the
Back Bay station and loves walking to work. He loves
the change of seasons, especially autumn.
The authors’ very different life stories and research programs came together
at Arizona State University. We have each learned much about intercultural
communication through our own experiences, as well as through our intellectual pursuits. Judith has a well-established record of social science approaches
to intercultural communication. Tom, in contrast, has taken a nontraditional
v
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vi About the Authors
approach to understanding intercultural communication by emphasizing critical
perspectives. We believe that these differences in our lives and in our research
offer complementary ways of understanding intercultural communication.
Since the early 1990s, we have engaged in many different dialogues about
intercultural communication—focusing on our experiences, thoughts, ideas, and
analyses—which led us to think about writing this textbook. But our interest
was not primarily sparked by these dialogues; rather, it was our overall interest
in improving intercultural relations that motivated us. We believe that communication is an important arena for improving those relations. By helping people
become more aware as intercultural communicators, we hope to make this a
better world for all of us.
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VVVVVV
Brief Contents
PART I
FOUNDATIONS OF INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION 1
Chapter
1
Why Study Intercultural Communication? 3
Chapter
2
The History of the Study of Intercultural
Communication 44
Chapter
3
Culture, Communication, Context, and Power 83
Chapter
4
History and Intercultural Communication 120
PART II
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
PROCESSES 159
Chapter
5
Identity and Intercultural Communication 161
Chapter
6
Language and Intercultural Communication 218
Chapter
7
Nonverbal Codes and Cultural Space 265
PART III
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
APPLICATIONS 303
Chapter
8
Understanding Intercultural Transitions 305
Chapter
9
Popular Culture and Intercultural Communication 347
Chapter
10
Culture, Communication, and Intercultural
Relationships 380
Chapter
11
Culture, Communication, and Conflict 425
Chapter
12
Striving for Engaged and Effective Intercultural
Communication 464
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VVVVVV
Contents
Preface xix
To the Student
PART I
Chapter 1
xxvii
FOUNDATIONS OF INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION 1
Why Study Intercultural Communication?
The Self-Awareness Imperative
The Demographic Imperative
3
4
6
Changing U.S. Demographics 6
Changing Immigration Patterns 8
The Economic Imperative
17
The Technological Imperative 21
Technology and Human Communication 21
Access to Communication Technology 26
The Peace Imperative
28
The Ethical Imperative 32
Relativity Versus Universality 34
Being Ethical Students of Culture 35
Internet Resources
Summary
38
39
Discussion Questions
Activities
40
40
Key Words
41
References
41
ix
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x Contents
Chapter 2
The History of the Study of Intercultural
Communication 44
The Early Development of the Discipline
Nonverbal Communication
Application of Theory
45
46
46
An Emphasis on International Settings
An Interdisciplinary Focus
46
47
Perception and Worldview of the Researcher
49
Three Approaches to Studying Intercultural
Communication 50
The Social Science Approach
The Interpretive Approach
The Critical Approach
54
59
65
A Dialectical Approach to Understanding Culture
and Communication 71
Combining the Three Traditional Paradigms: The
Dialectical Approach 71
Six Dialectics of Intercultural Communication
Keeping a Dialectical Perspective
Internet Resources
Summary
Chapter 3
76
76
77
Discussion Questions
Activities
73
78
78
Key Words
79
References
79
Culture, Communication, Context, and Power 83
What Is Culture?
84
Social Science Definitions: Culture as Learned, GroupRelated Perceptions 87
Interpretive Definitions: Culture as Contextual Symbolic
Patterns of Meaning, Involving Emotions 87
Critical Definitions: Culture as Heterogeneous, Dynamic,
and a Contested Zone 90
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Contents xi
What Is Communication?
94
The Relationship Between Culture and
Communication 95
How Culture Influences Communication 95
How Communication Reinforces Culture 107
Communication as Resistance to the Dominant Cultural
System 109
The Relationship Between Communication and
Context 109
The Relationship Between Communication and
Power 110
Internet Resources
Summary
116
116
Discussion Questions
Activities
Chapter 4
117
117
Key Words
118
References
118
History and Intercultural Communication
120
From History to Histories 122
Political, Intellectual, and Social Histories 123
Family Histories 124
National Histories 125
Cultural-Group Histories 126
History, Power, and Intercultural
Communication 128
The Power of Texts 128
The Power of Other Histories 130
Power in Intercultural Interactions 133
History and Identity 133
Histories as Stories 133
Nonmainstream Histories 135
Intercultural Communication and History
Antecedents of Contact 146
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xii Contents
The Contact Hypothesis 149
Negotiating Histories Dialectically in Interaction
Internet Resources
Summary
153
154
Discussion Questions
Activities
PART II
Chapter 5
152
155
156
Key Words
156
References
156
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
PROCESSES 159
Identity and Intercultural
Communication 161
Thinking Dialectically About Identity
The Social Science Perspective 163
The Interpretive Perspective 166
The Critical Perspective 167
Identity and Language
162
171
Identity Development Issues 172
Minority Identity Development 173
Majority Identity Development 177
Social and Cultural Identities
180
Gender Identity 180
Sexual Identity 182
Age Identity 182
Racial and Ethnic Identities 184
Characteristics of Whiteness 187
Religious Identity 192
Class Identity 194
National Identity 197
Regional Identity 199
Personal Identity
199
Multicultural People
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Contents xiii
Identity, Stereotypes, and Prejudice
Identity and Communication
Internet Resources
Summary
Chapter 6
208
211
212
Discussion Questions
Activities
205
212
213
Key Words
213
References
214
Language and Intercultural
Communication 218
Social Science Perspective on Language
Language and Perception 221
Recent Research Findings 224
Language and Thought: Metaphor
219
225
Cultural Variations in Communication Style
227
Interpretive Perspective on Language
Variations in Contextual Rules 231
228
Critical Perspective on Language
Co-Cultural Communication 234
Discourse and Social Structure 237
The “Power” Effects of Labels 238
233
Moving Between Languages 241
Multilingualism 241
Translation and Interpretation 243
Language and Identity 246
Language and Cultural Group Identity
Code Switching
249
Language Politics and Policies
Language and Globalization
Internet Resources
Summary
251
254
260
260
Discussion Questions
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xiv Contents
Activities
Chapter 7
262
Key Words
262
References
262
265
Nonverbal Codes and Cultural Space
Thinking Dialectically About Nonverbal
Communication: Defining Nonverbal
Communication 267
Comparing Verbal and Nonverbal Communication 268
What Nonverbal Behavior Communicates 270
The Universality of Nonverbal Behavior
271
Recent Research Findings 271
Nonverbal Codes 273
Stereotype, Prejudice, and Discrimination 281
Semiotics and Nonverbal Communication 285
Defining Cultural Space 287
Cultural Identity and Cultural Space 287
Changing Cultural Space 293
Postmodern Cultural Spaces 295
Internet Resources
Summary
297
298
Discussion Questions
Activities
PART III
Chapter 8
299
299
Key Words
300
References
300
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
APPLICATIONS 303
Understanding Intercultural Transitions
305
Thinking Dialectically About Intercultural
Transitions 307
Types of Migrant Groups
Voluntary Migrants 310
Involuntary Migrants 311
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Migrant-Host Relationships
314
Assimilation 314
Separation 315
Integration 316
Marginalization 318
Cultural Hybridity 318
Cultural Adaptation 320
Social Science Approach 320
Interpretive Approach 327
Critical Approach: Contextual Influences 336
Internet Resources
Summary
342
343
Discussion Questions
Activities
Chapter 9
343
343
Key Words
344
References
344
Popular Culture and Intercultural
Communication 347
Learning About Cultures Without Personal
Experience 348
The Power of Popular Culture 349
What Is Popular Culture? 350
Consuming and Resisting Popular Culture
354
Consuming Popular Culture 354
Resisting Popular Culture 356
Representing Cultural Groups 360
Migrants’ Perceptions of Mainstream Culture 362
Popular Culture and Stereotyping 363
U.S. Popular Culture and Power 367
Global Circulation of Images and Commodities
Cultural Imperialism 370
Internet Resources
Summary
375
376
Discussion Questions
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xvi Contents
Activities
Chapter 10
376
Key Words
377
References
377
Culture, Communication, and Intercultural
Relationships 380
Benefits and Challenges of Intercultural
Relationships 382
Benefits 382
Challenges 384
Thinking Dialectically About Intercultural
Relationships 388
Personal-Contextual Dialectic 389
Differences-Similarities Dialectic 390
Cultural-Individual Dialectic 391
Privilege-Disadvantage Dialectic 391
Static-Dynamic Dialectic 391
History/Past–Present /Future Dialectic 392
Intercultural Relationships 392
Social Science Approach: Cross-Cultural Differences 392
Interpretive Approach: Communicating in Intercultural
Relationships 398
Critical Approach: Contextual Influences 413
Internet Resources
Summary
418
418
Discussion Questions
Activities
Chapter 11
419
420
Key Words
420
References
420
Culture, Communication, and Conflict
Characteristics of Intercultural Conflict
Two Orientations to Conflict
Conflict as Opportunity 431
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427
431
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Contents xvii
Conflict as Destructive 433
Cultural Differences in Conflict Views: A Dialectical
Perspective 435
The Social Science Approach to Conflict 436
Strategies and Tactics for Dealing with Conflict 436
Gender, Ethnicity, and Conflict 440
Value Differences and Conflict Styles 441
Interpretive and Critical Approaches to Social
Conflict 443
Social Contexts 443
Economic Contexts 445
Historical and Political Contexts 446
Managing Intercultural Conflict 447
Productive Versus Destructive Conflict 447
Competition Versus Cooperation 448
Dealing with Conflict 450
Mediation 457
Internet Resources
Summary
460
460
Discussion Questions
Activities
Chapter 12
461
461
Key Words
462
References
462
Striving for Engaged and Effective Intercultural
Communication 464
The Components of Competence 465
Social Science Perspective: Individual Components 465
Interpretive Perspective: Competence in Contexts 475
Critical Perspective: Competence for Whom? 477
Applying Knowledge About Intercultural
Communication 478
Entering Into Dialogue 478
Becoming Interpersonal Allies 480
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xviii Contents
Building Coalitions 482
Social Justice and Transformation
Forgiveness 488
What the Future Holds
483
491
Internet Resources for Intercultural Interaction
Summary
496
Discussion Questions
Activities
495
497
497
Key Words
497
References
498
Credits C-1
Name Index I-1
Subject Index I-7
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VVVVVV
Preface
THE INCREASING IMPORTANCE OF INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD
The falling value of the U.S. dollar against many other world currencies, the
rising price of fuel, and the impact these changes have had on travel and business costs point to new international relationships. How will the expansion of
globalization be affected? What kind of impact will there be on the exchange
of products and movement of people around the world? How will economic
changes influence where tourists come from and where they visit? Changes such
as these are likely to influence the shape of intercultural communication.
When we look back upon the international and intercultural situation at the
time we first began writing this book, we recognize how rapidly the world has
changed and how, as a result, these changes have raised even more pressing issues
for intercultural communication scholars and practitioners. As the U.S. dollar
remains weak, foreign businesses may find buying opportunities in the United
States, such as the recent acquisition of Anheuser-Busch by a Belgian company.
U.S. tourists may find it expensive to travel to many locations overseas, but tourists from those places may find it much cheaper to come to the United States.
Natural disasters such as the typhoon in Myanmar and earthquakes in China,
as well as the ongoing conflict in Darfur, have summoned a variety of positive
responses, including tremendous caring and compassion across intercultural and
international divides, but these tragedies also exacerbated enduring social group
inequities. Regional identities continue to challenge national identities, such as
is the case in Belgium, which appears closer than ever to dissolution along the
lines of linguistic identities. In addition, the Internet and cell phones have made
intercultural interactions that once may have seemed distant or peripheral to our
lives now far more immediate.
In this climate, the study of intercultural communication takes on special
significance, because it offers tools to help us as we grapple with questions about
religious and ethnic differences, hate crimes, and many other related issues.
Those who study, teach, and conduct research in intercultural communication
face an increasing number of challenges and difficult questions: Is it enough to
identify differences among people? Are we actually reinforcing stereotypes in
emphasizing differences? Is there a way to understand the dynamics of intercultural communication without resorting to lists of instructions? Don’t we have
to talk about the broader social, political, and historical contexts when we teach
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xx Preface
intercultural communication? How can we use our intercultural communication
skills to help enrich our lives and the lives of those around us? Can intercultural
communication scholars promote a better world for all?
Such questions are driven by rapidly changing cultural dynamics—both
within the United States and abroad. On the one hand, attempts to establish
peace between Israel and Palestine by withdrawing Israeli settlements from
Gaza, as well as the continued expansion of the European Union, CAFTA
(Central American Free Trade Agreement), and the African Union (formerly
the Organization of African States), reflect some global movement toward
unity. On the other hand, the increase in nuclear armaments, continuing clashes
between India and Pakistan over Kashmir, and the tribal and religious struggles
w…
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