Job Hazard Analysis OSHA Occupational Safety Paper I need to writing three hazard from site project according the OSHA and each one of the hazard must be C

Job Hazard Analysis OSHA Occupational Safety Paper I need to writing three hazard from site project according the OSHA and each one of the hazard must be Control the Hazard also three of them .

Like this :

———————————————————————————-

Task 1 : ………..

Hazard 1 :……………

Control the hazard:

1-…………………….

2-……………………

3-……………………..

————————————————————————————

Also, I will submit to you some example or format and PDF file to help you to see how I want it.

Please review the below file Job Hazard Analysis
OSHA 3071
2002 (Revised)
Job Hazard Analysis
U.S. Department of Labor
Elaine L. Chao, Secretary
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
John L. Henshaw, Assistant Secretary
OSHA 3071
2002 (Revised)
Contents
Who needs to read this booklet? ……………………………….. 1
What is a hazard? ………………………………………………….. 1
What is a job hazard analysis? …………………………………… 1
Why is job hazard analysis important? ………………………… 2
What is the value of a job hazard analysis? …………………… 2
What jobs are appropriate for a job hazard analysis? ……… 3
Where do I begin? ………………………………………………….. 4
How do I identify workplace hazards? ………………………… 6
How do I correct or prevent any hazards? ………………….. 12
What else do I need to know before
starting a job hazard analysis? …………………………………. 12
Why should I review my job hazard analysis? ……………… 13
When is it appropriate to hire a professional
to conduct a job hazard analysis? ……………………………… 14
OSHA Assistance, Services, and Programs ……………….. 15
How can OSHA help me? ………………………………………. 15
How does safety and health program management
assistance help employers and employees? ………………… 15
What are state plans? ……………………………………………. 16
How can consultation assistance help employers? ………… 16
Who can get consultation
assistance and what does it cost? …………………………….. 17
Can OSHA assure privacy to an employer
who asks for consultation assistance? ………………………… 17
i
Can an employer be cited for violations
after receiving consultation assistance? ………………………. 18
Does OSHA provide any incentives for
seeking consultation assistance? ………………………………. 18
What are the Voluntary Protection Programs? …………….. 18
How does VPP work? …………………………………………… 19
How does VPP help employers and employees? …………. 19
How does OSHA monitor VPP sites? ……………………….. 20
Can OSHA inspect an employer
who is participating in the VPP? ………………………………. 20
How can a partnership with OSHA
improve worker safety and health? …………………………… 21
What is OSHA’s Strategic Partnership
Program (OSPP)? ……………………………………………….. 21
What do OSPPs do? …………………………………………….. 21
What are the different kinds of OSPPs? ……………………. 22
What are the benefits of participation in the OSPP? …….. 22
Does OSHA have occupational safety and
health training for employers and employees? …………….. 23
Does OSHA give money to organizations
for training and education? ……………………………………… 24
Does OSHA have other assistance
materials available? ………………………………………………. 25
What other publications does OSHA offer? ………………… 25
What do I do in case of an emergency
or if I need to file a complaint? ………………………………… 26
ii
OSHA Regional and Area Office Directory …………………. 27
OSHA-Approved Safety and Health Plans …………………. 32
OSHA Consultation Projects …………………………………… 36
Appendix 1 —
Hazard Control Measures ………………………………………. 41
Appendix 2 —
Common Hazards and Hazard Descriptions ……………….. 43
Appendix 3 —
Sample Job Hazard Analysis Form ……………………………. 46
iii
Who needs to read this booklet?
This booklet is for employers, foremen, and supervisors,
but we encourage employees to use the information as
well to analyze their own jobs and recognize workplace
hazards so they can report them to you. It explains what
a job hazard analysis is and offers guidelines to help you
conduct your own step-by-step analysis.
What is a hazard?
A hazard is the potential for harm. In practical terms,
a hazard often is associated with a condition or activity that,
if left uncontrolled, can result in an injury or illness. See
Appendix 2 for a list of common hazards and descriptions.
Identifying hazards and eliminating or controlling them as
early as possible will help prevent injuries and illnesses.
What is a job hazard analysis?
A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on
job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur.
It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task,
the tools, and the work environment. Ideally, after you
identify uncontrolled hazards, you will take steps to
eliminate or reduce them to an acceptable risk level.
1
Why is job hazard analysis important?
Many workers are injured and killed at the workplace
every day in the United States. Safety and health can add
value to your business, your job, and your life. You can help
prevent workplace injuries and illnesses by looking at your
workplace operations, establishing proper job procedures,
and ensuring that all employees are trained properly.
One of the best ways to determine and establish proper
work procedures is to conduct a job hazard analysis. A job
hazard analysis is one component of the larger commitment
of a safety and health management system. (See page 15
for more information on safety and health management
systems.)
What is the value of a job hazard analysis?
Supervisors can use the findings of a job hazard analysis
to eliminate and prevent hazards in their workplaces.
This is likely to result in fewer worker injuries and illnesses;
safer, more effective work methods; reduced workers’
compensation costs; and increased worker productivity.
The analysis also can be a valuable tool for training new
employees in the steps required to perform their jobs safely.
For a job hazard analysis to be effective, management
must demonstrate its commitment to safety and health and
follow through to correct any uncontrolled hazards identified.
Otherwise, management will lose credibility and employees
may hesitate to go to management when dangerous
conditions threaten them.
2
What jobs are appropriate
for a job hazard analysis?
A job hazard analysis can be conducted on many jobs in
your workplace. Priority should go to the following types
of jobs:
• Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates;
• Jobs with the potential to cause severe or disabling
injuries or illness, even if there is no history of previous
accidents;
• Jobs in which one simple human error could lead to a
severe accident or injury;
• Jobs that are new to your operation or have undergone
changes in processes and procedures; and
• Jobs complex enough to require written instructions.
3
Where do I begin?
1. Involve your employees. It is very important to
involve your employees in the hazard analysis process.
They have a unique understanding of the job, and this
knowledge is invaluable for finding hazards. Involving
employees will help minimize oversights, ensure a
quality analysis, and get workers to “buy in” to the
solutions because they will share ownership in their
safety and health program.
2. Review your accident history. Review with your
employees your worksite’s history of accidents and
occupational illnesses that needed treatment, losses
that required repair or replacement, and any “near
misses” — events in which an accident or loss did not
occur,
but could have. These events are indicators that the
existing hazard controls (if any) may not be adequate
and deserve more scrutiny.
3. Conduct a preliminary job review. Discuss with
your employees the hazards they know exist in their
current work and surroundings. Brainstorm with them
for ideas to eliminate or control those hazards.
If any hazards exist that pose an immediate danger
to an employee’s life or health, take immediate
action to protect the worker. Any problems that can
be corrected easily should be corrected as soon as
possible. Do not wait to complete your job hazard analysis.
This will demonstrate your commitment to safety and
health and enable you to focus on the hazards and
jobs that need more study because of their complexity.
For those hazards determined to present unacceptable
risks, evaluate types of hazard controls. More information
about hazard controls is found in Appendix 1.
4
4. List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous jobs.
List jobs with hazards that present unacceptable risks,
based on those most likely to occur and with the most
severe consequences. These jobs should be your first
priority for analysis.
5. Outline the steps or tasks. Nearly every job can be
broken down into job tasks or steps. When beginning
a job hazard analysis, watch the employee perform the
job and list each step as the worker takes it. Be sure
to record enough information to describe each job
action without getting overly detailed. Avoid making
the breakdown of steps so detailed that it becomes
unnecessarily long or so broad that it does not include
basic steps. You may find it valuable to get input from
other workers who have performed the same job.
Later, review the job steps with the employee to make
sure you have not omitted something. Point out that
you are evaluating the job itself, not the employee’s job
performance. Include the employee in all phases of
the analysis— from reviewing the job steps and
procedures to discussing uncontrolled hazards and
recommended solutions.
Sometimes, in conducting a job hazard analysis,
it may be helpful to photograph or videotape the
worker performing the job. These visual records can
be handy references when doing a more detailed
analysis of the work.
5
How do I identify workplace hazards?
A job hazard analysis is an exercise in detective work. Your
goal is to discover the following:
• What can go wrong?
• What are the consequences?
• How could it arise?
• What are other contributing factors?
• How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
To make your job hazard analysis useful, document
the answers to these questions in a consistent manner.
Describing a hazard in this way helps to ensure that your
efforts to eliminate the hazard and implement hazard controls
help target the most important contributors to the hazard.
Good hazard scenarios describe:
• Where it is happening (environment),
• Who or what it is happening to (exposure),
• What precipitates the hazard (trigger),
• The outcome that would occur should it happen
(consequence), and
• Any other contributing factors.
A sample form found in Appendix 3 helps you organize
your information to provide these details.
Rarely is a hazard a simple case of one singular cause
resulting in one singular effect. More frequently, many
6
contributing factors tend to line up in a certain way to create
the hazard. Here is an example of a hazard scenario:
In the metal shop (environment), while clearing a
snag (trigger), a worker’s hand (exposure) comes
into contact with a rotating pulley. It pulls his
hand into the machine and severs his fingers
(consequences) quickly.
To perform a job hazard analysis, you would ask:
• What can go wrong? The worker’s hand could come
into contact with a rotating object that “catches” it and
pulls it into the machine.
• What are the consequences? The worker could
receive a severe injury and lose fingers and hands.
• How could it happen? The accident could happen as
a result of the worker trying to clear a snag during
operations or as part of a maintenance activity while the
pulley is operating. Obviously, this hazard scenario
could not occur
if the pulley is not rotating.
• What are other contributing factors? This hazard
occurs very quickly. It does not give the worker much
opportunity to recover or prevent it once his hand comes
into contact with the pulley. This is an important factor,
because it helps you determine the severity and
likelihood of an accident when selecting appropriate
hazard controls. Unfortunately, experience has shown
that training is not very effective in hazard control when
triggering events happen quickly because humans can
react only so quickly.
7
• How likely is it that the hazard will occur? This
determination requires some judgment. If there have
been “near-misses” or actual cases, then the likelihood
of a recurrence would be considered high. If the
pulley is exposed and easily accessible, that also is a
consideration. In the example, the likelihood that the
hazard will occur is high because there is no guard
preventing contact, and the operation is performed
while the machine is running. By following the steps
in this example, you can organize your hazard
analysis activities.
The examples that follow show how a job hazard analysis
can be used to identify the existing or potential hazards for
each basic step involved in grinding iron castings.
Grinding Iron Castings: Job Steps
Step 1. Reach into metal box to right of machine,
grasp casting, and carry to wheel.
Step 2. Push casting against wheel to grind off burr.
Step 3. Place finished casting in box to left of machine.
8
Example Job Hazard Analysis Form
Job Location:
Metal Shop
Analyst:
Joe Safety
Date:
Task Description: Worker reaches into metal box to the
right of the machine, grasps a 15-pound casting and
carries it to grinding wheel. Worker grinds 20 to 30
castings per hour.
Hazard Description: Picking up a casting, the employee
could drop it onto his foot. The casting’s weight and height
could seriously injure the worker’s foot or toes.
Hazard Controls:
1. Remove castings from the box and place them on a
table next to the grinder.
2. Wear steel-toe shoes with arch protection.
3. Change protective gloves that allow a better grip.
4. Use a device to pick up castings.
9
Job Location:
Metal Shop
Analyst:
Joe Safety
Date:
Task Description: Worker reaches into metal box to the
right of the machine, grasps a 15-pound casting and
carries it to grinding wheel. Worker grinds 20 to 30
castings per hour.
Hazard Description: Castings have sharp burrs and
edges that can cause severe lacerations.
Hazard Controls:
1. Use a device such as a clamp to pick up castings.
2. Wear cut-resistant gloves that allow a good grip and fit
tightly to minimize the chance that they will get caught
in grinding wheel.
10
Job Location:
Metal Shop
Analyst:
Joe Safety
Date:
Task Description: Worker reaches into metal box to the
right of the machine, grasps a 15-pound casting and
carries it to grinding wheel. Worker grinds 20 to 30
castings per hour.
Hazard Description: Reaching, twisting, and lifting
15-pound castings from the floor could result in a muscle
strain to the lower back.
Hazard Controls:
1. Move castings from the ground and place them closer
to the work zone to minimize lifting. Ideally, place them
at waist height or on an adjustable platform or pallet.
2. Train workers not to twist while lifting and reconfigure
work stations to minimize twisting during lifts.
Repeat similar forms
for each job step.
11
How do I correct or prevent hazards?
After reviewing your list of hazards with the employee,
consider what control methods will eliminate or reduce them.
For more information on hazard control measures, see Appendix 1. The most effective controls are engineering controls that
physically change a machine or work environment to prevent
employee exposure to the hazard. The more reliable or less
likely a hazard control can be circumvented, the better. If this
is not feasible, administrative controls may be appropriate.
This may involve changing how employees do their jobs.
Discuss your recommendations with all employees who
perform the job and consider their responses carefully.
If you plan to introduce new or modified job procedures,
be sure they understand what they are required to do
and the reasons for the changes.
What else do I need to know before
starting a job hazard analysis?
The job procedures discussed in this booklet are for
illustration only and do not necessarily include all the
steps, hazards, and protections that apply to your industry.
When conducting your own job safety analysis, be sure to
consult the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
standards for your industry. Compliance with these
standards is mandatory, and by incorporating their
requirements in your job hazard analysis, you can be
sure that your health and safety program meets federal
standards. OSHA standards, regulations, and technical
information are available online at www.osha.gov.
12
Twenty-four states and two territories operate their
own OSHA-approved safety and health programs and may
have standards that differ slightly from federal requirements.
Employers in those states should check with the appropriate
state agency for more information. A list of applicable states
and territories and contact information is provided on page 32.
Why should I review my job hazard analysis?
Periodically reviewing your job hazard analysis ensures
that it remains current and continues to help reduce
workplace accidents and injuries. Even if the job has not
changed, it is possible that during the review process you will
identify hazards that were not identified in the initial analysis.
It is particularly important to review your job hazard
analysis if an illness or injury occurs on a specific job.
Based on the circumstances, you may determine that you
need to change the job procedure to prevent similar incidents
in the future. If an employee’s failure to follow proper job
procedures results in a “close call,” discuss the situation
with all employees who perform the job and remind them
of proper procedures. Any time you revise a job hazard
analysis, it is important to train all employees affected by
the changes in the new job methods, procedures, or
protective measures adopted.
13
When is it appropriate to hire a professional
to conduct a job hazard analysis?
If your employees are involved in many different or
complex processes, you need professional help conducting
your job hazard analyses. Sources of help include your
insurance company, the local fire department, and private
consultants with safety and health expertise. In addition,
OSHA offers assistance through its regional and area offices
and consultation services. Contact numbers are listed at the
back of this publication.
Even when you receive outside help, it is important that
you and your employees remain involved in the process
of identifying and correcting hazards because you are on
the worksite every day and most likely to encounter these
hazards. New circumstances and a recombination of existing
circumstances may cause old hazards to reappear and new
hazards to appear. In addition, you and your employees
must be ready and able to implement whatever hazard
elimination or control measures a professional consultant
recommends.
14
OSHA Assistance, Services, and Programs
How can OSHA help me?
OSHA can provide extensive help through a variety of
programs, including assistance about safety and health
programs, state plans, workplace consultations, Voluntary
Protection Programs, strategic partnerships, training and
education, and more.
How does safety and health program
management assistance help employers
and employees?
Effective management of worker safety and health
protection is a decisive factor in reducing the extent and
severity of work-related injuries and illnesses and their
related costs. In fact, an effective safety and health program
forms the basis of good worker protection and can save time
and money —about $4 for every dollar spent — and increase
productivity.
To assist employers and employees in developing effective
safety and health systems, OSHA published recommended
Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines,
(F…
Purchase answer to see full
attachment