How did Kemal Atatürk reform Turkey?

How did Kemal Atatürk reform Turkey?
Objectives: Describe how Kemal Atatürk reformed Turkey.
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What was the Ottoman Empire?
The Ottoman Empire was founded in 1299 by a family of nomadic Turks from the
region in western Asia known as Asia Minor. Eventually, the Ottoman Empire ruled
over vast lands that included a diverse group of inhabitants. As the Ottoman
Empire’s control over its territories declined, nationalism among the ethnic groups
ruled by the empire inspired rebellion against the Ottomans.
At its height in the 1600s, the Ottoman Empire controlled most of the Middle East,
north Africa, and eastern Europe, but its power declined over the next three
centuries. Due to a series of weak and ineffective rulers, a corrupt government,
nationalist movements within its borders, and European imperialism, Ottoman
power diminished.
The leaders of some ethnic groups that were critical of the empire’s weakness
and its willingness to adopt European ideals in the 1800s started to pull away
from the empire. For example, in southeastern Europe the Greeks revolted in
1821, the Bulgarians in 1876, and Moldavia gained autonomy in 1861.