HIS120 Georgian Court Trade & International Competition in The New World Paper Why did trade and international competition drive the exploration of the new

HIS120 Georgian Court Trade & International Competition in The New World Paper Why did trade and international competition drive the exploration of the new world? What drove the exploration of the “New World” Money, religion, power? What do you think the most important trait developed in the “Old World” contributed to the development of the “new world”. This is a thinking question and it allows you great latitude in your answer. Please make sure your response is consistent with the historical writing style outline in the syllabus. It has to be 5 lengthy paragraphs. Speak on the Old and New World of America. Final Why did trade and international competition drive the
exploration of the new world? What drove the exploration of
the “New World” Money, religion, power? What do you think
the most important trait developed in the “Old World”
contributed to the development of the “new world”.
This is a thinking question and it allows you great latitude in your
answer. Please make sure your response is consistent with the
historical writing style outline in the syllabus.
Clovis Points
First discovered In Clovis New Mexico
1929
Date to 15,500 years ago.
Flosom Points
Discovered in Folsom New Mexico 1927
Found in the bones of Bison.
Date to 9,500 to 8,000 years ago
Why Were Colonies
Established?
3G’s
What were the 3G’s
Gold-Economic
Reasons
God-Religious Reasons
Glory-Political, Personal
reasons
The 3G’s came
th
together in the 15
Century
Economic
Search for Gold or
Goods
End of Feudalism
Birth of Capitalism
Mercantilism
Economic Assumptions
to support Exploration.
Amount of wealth in the world is fixed.
Goal of each nation to maximize its
wealth.
Maximizing exports, Minimizing imports.
?
Trade.
Produce Manufactured goods.
Govt. needs to have a large role in driving
these ideas.
Mercantilism
The theory and system of political economy
prevailing in Europe after the decline of
feudalism, based on national policies of
accumulating bullion, establishing colonies and
a merchant marine, and developing industry and
mining to attain a favorable balance of trade.
Mercantilism = Competition amongst nations
Goings On To Get Them Here
1497 John Cabot –first English explorer to make
North American Land fall- Newfoundland.
Henry 8th Takes Throne in 1509
?
Marries Katherine of Aragon-No Male Heirs
Henry asks Pope Julius for Annulment. Pope says
no.
Henry outlaws Catholic Church in England and
seizes all church property.
Establishes the Church of England-Anglican church.
Goings On Chapter 2
No Pope in England- King is head of the
Church
Henry divorces Katherine marries Ann
Boleyn.
Ann produces no son. One daughter
Elizabeth.
Ann is beheaded
Henry marries Jane Seymour, she produces
a son but dies in childbirth.
What does all this mean to
America?
The establishment of the Church of England
creates vast political turmoil and delays
England’s exploration by almost 100 years.
Henry dies in 1547
Edward 6th takes throne at 9 years old and
dies at 15
Mary Becomes Queen-Bloody Mary
1558 Elizabeth becomes Queen and reigns
until 1603
ElizabethNow we are getting some where.
Exploration begins
1583 Elizabeth gives charter to Sir Humphrey
Gilbert
?
He is lost at sea
Elizabeth then gives Gilbert charter to his
half brother Sir Walter Raleigh in 1585
Raleigh sails south and establishes the
Colony of Roanoke Island-the lost colony. He
calls it Virginia after the Queen.
Roanoke Island
Colony fails but shows that the land
was productive
-Rich fertile soil
-Good climate
-Long Growing season
-No large powerful Native American
population that needed to be conquered in
order to use it.
How are English and Spanish
Explorations compared?
Spanish found mineral wealth in large
established populations (Incas)
English grew their wealth in a new colony.
1590 Roanoke experiment came to an end.
Elizabeth dies shortly there after and brings
and end to the House of Tudor.
What Next?
1606 James I becomes King and gives
charter to:
The Virginia Company- a Joint Stock
Company
A charter gave the ability to make
money in some colony in the new
world.
Charter = Royal monopoly
What is all the Charter Stuff?
Three kinds of charters.
?
Corporate-Granted to a company
Va. And MBC = corporate colonies
?
Proprietary=Individual or group charter
NJ,PA,MD. Proprietary colonies
?
?
?
Who held NJ’s charter? Berkley and Carteret
New Jersey was first a proprietary colony when it separated
from New York but in 1702, New Jersey became a royal
colony and was under the direct control of the English crown.
Royal- Given by an King or Queen. Usually given to
someone else but taken back.
None of the US Colonies were founded by Royal Charter.
Jamestown
Founded 1607 by Christopher Newport.
105 settlers- all men- on the James River.
Colony 70-80 miles up the James river at the
river salt plug.
Swampy land difficult access to fresh water.
Powhatan Confederacy
Three Weaknesses of
Jamestown?
All Men
Middle of Native American
Confederation
Water
More on Jamestown Problems
Population declined
No farmers in first Jamestown group
First farmers and women arrive in 1609
What Made Jamestown take off?
1612 John Rolfe , 1st Virginian to plant
tobacco.
Demand for tobacco very high
throughout Europe.
Prices are high
Tobacco is very labor intensive
Va. Population problem = Labor
problem
The lost colony Exercise.
You are going to form groups and decide on a
colony. I just gave you a charter.
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Where will it be?
What is the basis of this colony?
Who are you taking to the new colony?
What are you bringing with you?
Is there a gov’t in this colony?
Who leads it?
How is it funded?
How will you measure its success or failure?
Break
Clovis Points
First discovered In Clovis New Mexico
1929
Date to 15,500 years ago.
Atlantic Triangle
Trade
Europe, Africa, and the
Americas
24
Atlantic Triangle
Trade
Caribbean, New England,
and Africa
25
Slavery and the Making of America
The Capture
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/slavery/videos/themiddle-passage
26
SLAVE SHIP
To transport as many slaves as
possible and to make the most profit
as possible the hulls of the slave
ships were divided into holds with
little headroom. Slaves were packed
in and chained with barely no room
to move, very often chained tightly to
plank beds. Conditions on the ships
were horrific with lack of air and
unhygienic conditions. This led to
high mortality rate.
27
Head right System
Three parts to System
?
?
?
Va. Company will give 50 acres of land for every
person whose passage you pay
Labor of person you bring to colony is an
Indentured Servant for 4-7 years.
Servants got 50 acres of land when their service
is complete.
1630-30% of VA population were Indentured
Servants
90% died
Labor Numbers
1650 ½ of VA. Population is I.S.
1720 ½ of VA. Populations are Slaves
1680 Slaves and IS approximately
equal.
Development of Slavery.
1619 First Blacks arrive in America
First Africans could not be sold as slaves for life
under English law, because they were baptized on
the ship coming to America. Servitude needed to be
for a defined time period.
Mid 1600’s definition of slavery began to change
from Christian to Race.
Slavery evolved one law at a time.
What we know today as a race based issue started
as a labor and religious issue.
More On Slavery
1660’s -70’s Fewer Englishmen were
coming to the colonies.
Slavery is more desirable as a result.
1672 Royal African co Chartered. As a
result the cost of slaves dropped as a
result of greater numbers.
Virginia and Slave laws Evolve.
Virginia decides that Slavery is:
?
?
?
Racially based
Permanent
Inheritable
Even though slaves were property, they were
subject to penalties for crimes committed.
Shows the conflict between Slavery and
Freedom.
http://www.dailymotion.com/vide
o/xhqxgt_the-middlepassage_shortfilms
Middle Passage1.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
1629 M.B.C. Chartered by Charles I
Joint Stock Company owned by the
Puritans
Who Were the Puritans?
English Calvinists
?
Followers of John Calvin
England =Puritans
Scotland= Presbyterians
France= Huguenots
?
Puritans gave U.S. religious values
Why Did the Puritans Need to Come?
A result of the Protestant Reformation.
?
Martin Luther-Catholic Priest begins to challenge
Catholic Theology
Catholic church teaching the practice of
good works
?
?
Faith = access to Heaven.
Works Not biblically based, doctrine is wrong.
Luther believed Faith alone gets you to
Heaven.
What Else?
Luther critical of:
?
?
Indulgences- Money paid to church to
reduce time in Purgatory.
Statues. Icons, Idol worship
Bible should be the literal guide
1517 Wittenberg Germany Luther posts
points on door of church.
What is Calvinism?
God is Omnipresent
Salvation is determined by:
?
Predestination
Calvin’s logic takes him to a dead end.
Why bother!
Solution
Calvin found solution in the Bible.
?
Those chosen were
Saints
Elect
God had a covenant with them.
Obligation falls on everyone. The chosen are required to make
sure that humanity’s behavior conforms with the bible.
Covenant is binding on the Saints. If the covenant is broken
everyone goes to Hell.
Tenants of Calvinism
Predestination
Covenant
Intolerance
No difference in Public vs. Private behavior
No separation of Church and State
Puritans were English followers of John Calvin
Summary of Confusion
1620 Pilgrims came to U.S.
At Plymouth Mass.
1630 Puritans arrived in
Massachusetts Bay
(Boston)
Confusion Continued
Puritans were separatists of the Church of
England. COE did not remove itself far
enough from the Catholic Church. Puritans
wanted more.
Pilgrims left England and never planned to
return.
Puritans left England but would return some
day.
Puritans religious leader in Mass was John
Winthrop, he was also selected as the first
Gov. Of the Colony of Mass.
John Winthrop
Great Puritan Migration.
Puritans to New England
Lasts 20 years 1630-1650
25, 000 Immigrants between 1650 and 1700
By 1700 very little new immigration.
1700 NE Population close to 100K
Immigration to Mass.
Family based
All ages.
Gender Ratio close to 1:1
Growth based on natural population growth
And!
Town Based Society
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Church is the center of town
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By 1700
87 Towns in Mass
113 in all of New England.
Va. has 7 towns in same period
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Education is important in NE. Every town required to have a
school and it is ALWAYS the church.

kMYO4
Mosaic Readings.
How do the two stories of creation
compare?
Similarities- differences.

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