Florida International Do American Tribal Peoples Experience Religious Freedom HW In 500 words or more, please reflect on the following question: “Do Americ

Florida International Do American Tribal Peoples Experience Religious Freedom HW In 500 words or more, please reflect on the following question: “Do American tribal peoples experience religious freedom?”

Use examples from:

NAGPRA/AIRFA and their redeeming values as the basis for your essay.
Choose two tribes as examples to support your arguments.
Use:
Refer to the module for more sources.

Technicalities

Follow essay format: Introduction, body, conclusion.
Double space
Use MLA style for citations and bibliography
Use at least three academic sources including Deloria and two more from Module 3 materials. THE SILENT STRIFE OF THE
INDIGENOUS
Mary Lou Pfeiffer
Rusol Yasin
Florida International University
Indigenous Land:
Mother Earth, Grandmother,
Mother, Pachamama
Joel Martin’s title
Human Rights Issues:
The loss of land, culture, language, and
economic security that existed from the
indigenous traditional methods is due to
in large part to imposing globalization.
Kūpuna
“Then There Were None was born from
unspoken words, unshed tears, and wounded
spirits. It is not a tale of blame or victimization.
It is an effort to give voice to Kūpuna who
became strangers in their own land, a land that
once nourished their dreams and now cradles
their bones. Without these stories, Hawai’is
history is incomplete.”
-Elizabeth Kapu’uwailani Lindsey Buyers
• Appreciation of Biodiversity:
• www.cbd.int
• CBD is a global agreement addressing all
aspects of biological diversity: genetic
resources, species, and ecosystems.
• The Dignity of Difference
Lord Jonathan Sacks
• Urban Land Institute (1936)
The Urban Land Institute provides leadership in
the responsible use of land and in creating and
sustaining thriving communities worldwide. It is
an independent nonprofit organization
independent nonprofit supported by its
members that represent the entire spectrum of
real estate development and land use.
ULI Ethics
1. Respect for the Land
2. Respect for the Profession
3. Respect for the Consumer
4. Respect for the Public
5. Respect for Equality of Opportunity
6. Respect for Others in the Land Use and
Development Profession
7. Respect for the Larger Environment
8. Respect for the Future
9. Respect for Future Generations
10. Respect for Personal Integrity
HISTORICAL DATA: PAST TRENDS
Thomas Jefferson
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men
[peoples] are created equal.
150 years later, UDHR is born.
Architects of UDHR:
– John Peter Humphrey, Canada
– Eleanor Roosevelt, USA
– Rene Cassin, France
– Charles Malik, Lebanon
– P.C. Change, Republic of China
– Coupled with community representatives from
Australia, Belgium, Byelorussian Soviet Socialists
Republic, Chile, Egypt, Iran, India, Panama,
Philippines, UK, USSR, Uruguay, and Yugoslavia.
LAND IS KIN
Everything on the EARTH is
interconnected.
Perception of Sacred Space
-Sacred Space and Sacred Place Defined,
Perceptual Geography
-Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons
Act of 2000. (RLUIPA)
Without this connection to a lexicon of
religious sensibility, no space earns the
adjectival empowerment of ‘sacred’.
-Lane’s four axioms, Sherrill’s Elements of Sacred
Space
Above all, and probably more
significant to America’s indigenous
peoples as well as to those worldwide,
is that place becomes sacred because
it is a storied place where the
encounter with the holy or the
numinous is inseparably related to the
place itself.
HISTORIC PARADIGM
CURRENT PARADIGM
INNOVATIVE PARADIGM
Colonization- take the land of
others in an effort to build an
empire
Land divisions by
countries/states according to
governmental rule; assimilate
indigenous
Eliminate the attempt to
assimilate diverse peoples into
a different culture; allow
indigenous cultures their land,
and resources to survive
Indigenous view- land and all
the Earth as sacred and
interrelated of which humans
are a part
Land captured and dominated
by the strongest rule (war and
post war decisions)
Sharing land for its
interconnected spiritual view
and sustainability
Indigenous view- life and land
as interconnected, land is kin
Privatization of land based on
economics, possible best use
for the most money
7th Generation policy for
sustainability
Laws regarding land defined by Governments of
the ruling party/parties
countries/states define land
use
Rethink hegemonic
globalization and counter with
the Earth’s land and resources
are irreplaceable
Indigenous Tribal Laws, tribes
are sovereign nations, in the
US among other places and
their laws varying laws
according to each tribe
Do the right thing:
respect diversity
with dignity
Legal/justice system decides
cases and conflicts regarding
land use
THE STRUGGLE FOR
INDIAN IDENTITY
THE CREATION OF
BOARDING
SCHOOLS TO
“KILL THE INDIAN,
SAVE THE MAN”
“
A GREAT GENERAL HAS SAID THAT THE ONLY
GOOD INDIAN IS A DEAD ONE, AND THAT HIGH
SANCTION OF HIS DESTRUCTION HAS BEEN AN
ENORMOUS FACTOR IN PROMOTING INDIAN
MASSACRES. IN A SENSE, I AGREE WITH THE
SENTIMENT, BUT ONLY IN THIS: THAT ALL THE
INDIAN THERE IS IN THE RACE SHOULD BE DEAD.
KILL THE INDIAN IN HIM, AND SAVE THE MAN.
— Col. Richard Pratt’s speech in 1892
”
READ AND LISTEN
TO NPR STORY
AMERICAN INDIAN
BOARDING SCHOOLS
HAUNT MANY
Students in a math class at Carlisle Indian School in 1903.
Frances Benjamin Johnston
AMERICAN INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOLS
ADDRESSING THE “INDIAN PROBLEM”
•
In the 19th and early 20th century, the
U.S. Government forced thousands of
Native American children into
government boarding schools.
•
The aim was to address the so-called
Indian problem by “removing the
Indian in them” and save them.
•
The children were barred from
expressing their culture —everything
from wearing native symbols to
speaking their native tongues.
•
The painting on the right depicts a
white woman carrying a school book
who embodies “progress,” which the
white man follow and the animals and
natives flee.
“American Progress” by John Gast, 1872.
FLOYD RED CROW WESTERMAN COMMENTING ABOUT
THE BOARDING SCHOOLS FROM THE NPR WEBSITE
• He
sang about his experiences growing up: “You put me in your
boarding school, made me learn your white man rule, be a fool.”
• The
federal government sent American Indians children to offreservation boarding schools, 1870’s, when the United States was still
at war with Indians.
• An
Army officer, Richard Pratt, founded the first of these schools. He
based it on an education program he developed in an Indian prison. He
described his philosophy in a speech he gave in 1892.
• “A
great general has said that the only good Indian is a dead one,”
Pratt said. “In a sense, I agree with the sentiment, but only in this: that
all the Indian there is in the race should be dead. Kill the Indian in him,
and save the man.”
QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER FROM NPR
ABOUT AMERIC AN INDIAN BOARDING SC HOOLS
•
Who founded the “Great
Experiment” of American
Indian boarding school?
•
What was the real purpose of
the Indian schools?
•
What was meant by “Kill the
Indian and Save the Man”?
•
What was the dominant
assumption about “the
Indian” and Indian culture”?
Tom Torlino, a Carlisle School student, before and after spending time at the school.
Courtesy Denver Public Library, X-32984, X-32985
EDUCATION TODAY
SURVIVING AND REVIVING NATIVE TRADITIONS AND
KNOWLEDGES
•
Today, many tribes work to educate their children by teaching traditions
and their tribal languages.
•
LaDonna Harris- born LaDonna Vita Tabbytite Harris, a Comanche and
American Indian activist and founder/president of Americans for Indian
Opportunity (AIO); please access the website listed below:
•

•
NPR – continuing reporting on Native American education in the U.S.
•
American Indian School a Far Cry from the Past
•
Native American Students Fight Discrimination By Celebrating Their
Heritage
FROM HASKELL INDIAN NATIONS UNIVERSITY
•
Haskellisauniqueanddiverseintertribaluniversity committed to the advancement
of sovereignty, self- determination, and the inherent rights of tribes.
•
Review the website listed below: www.haskell.edu/about/history.php
•
Twenty-two American Indian children started in Lawrence, Kansas (1884) in an
educational program focusing on agricultural, grades one through five. Today,
Haskell continues to serve the educational needs of American Indian and
Alaska Natives as a university. For more than 117 years, American Indians and
Alaska Natives have been sending their children to Haskell that offers
innovative curricula oriented toward American Indian/Alaska Native cultures.
•
Official name: United States Indian Industrial Training School with
trades (boys) like wagon making, blacksmithing, harness making,
painting, shoe making, and farming; (girls) studied cooking,
sewing and homemaking and learned how to be “the help” for
Anglo Americans. Most of the students’ food was produced on
the Haskell farm, and students were expected to participate in
various industrial duties; business courses began with five
typewriters; the first touch-typing class in Kansas was taught at
Haskell. High School accreditation was given 1927. Haskell has
been known for its sports and is the home of the American Indian
Athletic Hall of Fame. Secondary education was phased out in
1965 when the last HS class graduated.
•
In 1970, Haskell offered a junior college curriculum and became
Haskell Indian Junior College. In 1992, after a period of planning
for the 21st century, the National Haskell Board of Regents
recommended a new name as a national center for Indian
education, research, and cultural preservation. This change was
approved in 1993 by DOI (Department of Interior).
•
• 1992, the National Haskell Board of Regents recommended a
change as a national center for Indian education, research,
integrating cultural preservation and diversity; approval 1993 by
DOI: Haskell Indian Nations University, enrollment- over 1,000
students/semester who represent federally recognized tribes in
the US.
On the Rez
By Ian Frazier
On the Rez
•
On the Rez by Ian Frazier (2000) is an unflinching account of the
modern-day American Indian experience, especially that of the Oglala
Sioux, who live on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation (the plains and
badlands). Crazy Horse, perhaps the greatest Indian war leader of the
1800’s, and Black Elk, the holy man whose teachings achieved
worldwide renown, were Oglala—a/k/a “the rez”—which is one of the
poorest places in America today.
•
American tribal peoples were moved to reservations (US) or reserves
(Canada) in forced to relocate.
•
Ogala Sioux Reservation
•

•
Why Treaties Matter (NPR) (5:20 min)
•

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