Chapter 1 Kinematics of Mechanism Summary I need you to write a brief summary about the chapter attached. One page, 500 words minimum. 9 Take to Kinematics

Chapter 1 Kinematics of Mechanism Summary I need you to write a brief summary about the chapter attached. One page, 500 words minimum. 9
Take to Kinematics. It will repay you. It is
more fecund than geometry;
it adds a fourth dimension to space.
CHEBYSCHEV TO SYLVESTER,
1873
KINEMATICS OF
MECHANISMS
PART
I
Design of Machinery: An Introduction to the Synthesis and Analysis of Mechanisms and Machines, Fifth Ed ition
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Inspiration most often strikes
those who are hard at work
ANONYMOUS
1.0
PURPOSE
In this text we will explore the topics of kinematics and dynamics of machinery in respect to the synthesis of mechanisms in order to accomplish desired motions or tasks, and
also the analysis of mechanisms in order to determine their rigid-body dynamic behavior.
These topics are fundamental to the broader subject of machine design. On the premise
that we cannot analyze anything until it has been synthesized into existence, we will first
explore the topic of synthesis of mechanisms. Then we will investigate techniques of
analysis of mechanisms. All this will be directed toward developing your ability to
design viable mechanism solutions to reol, unstructured engineering problems by using a
design process. We will begin with careful definitions of the terms used in these topics.
1.1
KINEMATICS AND KINETICS
The study of motion without regard to forces.
The study ojjorces on systems in motion.
These two concepts are really not physically separable. We arbitrarily separate them
for instructional reasons in engineering education. It is also valid in engineering design
practice to fhst consider the desired kinematic motions and their consequences, and then
subsequently investigate the kinetic forces associated with those motions. The smdent
should realize that the division between kinematics and kinetics is quite arbitrary and
is done largely for convenience. One cannot design most dynamic mechanical systems
without taking both topics into thorough consideration. It is quite logical to consider them
in the order listed since, from Newton’s second law, F =rna, one typically needs to know
the accelerations (a) in order to compute the dynamic forces (F) due to the motion of the
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12
Design of Machinery: An Introduction to the Synthesis and Analysis
DESIGN OF MACHINERY
4
D
CHAPTER 1
system’s mass (m). There are also many situations in which the applied forces are known
and the resultant au;eleraliuns are lo be: found.
One principal aim of kinematics is to creare (design) the desired motions of the
subject mechanical parts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and
accelerations that those motions will create on the parts. Since, for most earthbound
mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time, defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of
time. Stresses, in tum, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since
engineering design is l:harged with creating systems that will nul fail during their expected
service life, the goal is to keep stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen
and the environmental conditions encountered. This obviously requires that all system
forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery that moves (the only
interesting kind), the largest forces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of
the machine itself. These dynamic forces are proportional to acceleration, which brings
us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Very basic and early decisions in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success
of any mechanical design. A design that has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and
perform hadly.
1.2
A mechanism
A machine
MECHANISMS AND MACHINES
A mechanism is a device that transforms motion to some desirable pattern and typically
develops very low forces and transmits little power. HuntL131defines a mechanism as “a
means of transmitting, controlling, or constraining relative movement.” A machine typically contains mechanisms that are designed to provide significant forces and transmit
significant power.l11 Some examples of common mechanisms are a pencil sharpener, a
camera shutter, an analog clock, a folding chair, an adjustable de
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