CEGR338 Morgan Lab 3 Assignment Settleable Matter And Total Solids i have environmental engineering lab report lab 3 is settleable matter/total solidsas yo

CEGR338 Morgan Lab 3 Assignment Settleable Matter And Total Solids i have environmental engineering lab report lab 3 is settleable matter/total solidsas you see in the lab manual , you have all details to do a great lab reportif you can do the lab report in 72 hours call me Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory Manual
Morgan State University School
Department of Civil Engineering
CEGR 338 Environmental Engineering Lab
2
Table of Contents
Background of Environmental Engineering ………………………………………………………………….. 4
Lab Safety Discussion………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
General Guidelines ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
Glassware and Experiment …………………………………………………………………………………… 6
Chemical Handling……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
Heating Procedures ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
Accidents and Injuries ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
Personal Safety …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
1.
pH Measurement ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
2.
Salinity (Hydrometric Method) ………………………………………………………………………….. 12
3.
Settleable Matter / Total Solids ………………………………………………………………………….. 18
4. Total Dissolved and Suspended Solids Dried at 103-105? C / Fixed and Volatile Solids
Ignited at 550? C …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21
5.
UV-Vis Spectroscopy……………………………………………………………………………………….. 26
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Background of Environmental Engineering
Environmental engineering developed from the historical branch of civil engineering
know as sanitary engineering involving drinking water and water treatment. The field was
defined in 1955 by Kilcawley, Pincus and Burden of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) as
“…that portion of the science of environmental control in which engineering is used to conserve
and develop the world’s resources for the general well-being of man as measured by such indices
as the absence of disease, comfort, convenience and productivity.” Environmental engineers
develop solutions to environmental problems utilizing the principles of biology and chemistry.
Environmental engineers are involved in water and air pollution, recycling, waste disposal, and
public health issues. They design municipal water supply and industrial wastewater treatment
systems. The U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that jobs for
environmental engineers will grow by 25% from 2006 to 2016…
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Lab Safety Discussion
Safety is the responsibility of every student. This includes personal safety and the safety of
your fellow students. REMEMBER TO THINK before you ACT… There are various safety
programs, which are adequate and assist in reducing accidents, however, the benefits obtained
from the use of common sense can outweigh the benefits from any safety rules. REMEMBER
ALWAYS: THINK before you ACT!!!
General Guidelines
1. All students should conduct themselves in a responsible manner at all times in the
laboratory environment.
2. All written and verbal instructions should be followed carefully. Ask instructor
immediately before proceeding with a part of procedure, if you did not understand
directions.
3. Do not work in laboratory without instructor present or proper instruction.
4. Do not touch any equipment, chemicals or experimental materials until properly
instructed to do so.
5. Be prepared for laboratory experiments by reading all procedures thoroughly before
commencing with the experiment.
6. Do not eat food, drink beverages, or chew gum during lab experimentation.
7. Perform only the experiments designated by the instructor. Unauthorized experiments are
prohibited.
8. Work areas should be clean and tidy at all times.
9. No horseplay, practical jokes, and pranks are dangerous and prohibited.
10. Cell phone operation should not be conducted during lab experimentation.
11. Know locations of the proceeding:
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a. First aid kit
b. Eyewash station
c. Safety shower
d. Fire extinguisher
e. Fire alarm and exits
12. Wash hands after all spills and at the end of the lab.
13. Examine all equipment for any defect before using.
14. Do not leave experiments in process unattended.
15. ALL INSTRUCTIONS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, MUST BE FOLLOWED AT ALL
TIMES.
Glassware and Experiment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Never assume glassware is clean; wash at the beginning and end of each lab session.
Examine all equipment for defects before using.
Do not pipette or siphon lab chemicals by mouth, use rubber bulb or pipette pump.
Carry glass tubing in vertical position to minimize the likelihood of breakage and injury.
Always protect your hands with proper material when inserting glass tubing into, or
removing it from, a rubber stopper.
Fill wash bottle with distilled water only and use as instructed.
Never use chipped or cracked glassware for lab experimentation purposes.
Do not immerse hot glassware into cold water, possibility of shattering.
Contact instructor if you do not understand the operation of a piece of equipment.
Chemical Handling
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Notify instructor if hazardous material are observed.
Never mix chemicals together unless instructed to or experiment indicates.
Do not touch, taste, nor smell any chemicals, unless specifically instructed.
Check labels carefully before removing contents from container.
Never return unused chemicals to their original containers.
Acids should be handled with extreme caution and care.
? Always add acid to water, swirl or stir solution and notice heat produced,
especially sulfuric acid.
? Care should be observed when transferring acids from one section of the lab to
another.
7. Never remove chemicals or other materials from the laboratory environment.
8. Hold container away from body when transferring reagents from one container to
another.
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Heating Procedures
1.
2.
3.
4.
Never leave heated burner unattended.
Never leave anything being heated unattended.
Always turn hot plate or burner off when finished.
Do not point the open end of a test tube being heated at self or anyone else in lab
environment.
5. Never peer into a container you are heating.
6. Do not place heated materials directly on lab desk surface. Please use insulating pad.
7. Do not place any substances directly into heater flame unless directed by instructor.
Accidents and Injuries
1. Report all accidents, no matter how minor, immediately to instructor.
2. If chemicals are spilled or splashed in eye(s) or skin flush immediately with water from
safety shower or eyewash station for at least 20 minutes.
3. If mercury thermometers or instruments with mercury are broken, the mercury must not
contact skin.
4. Skin burns: Immediately place affected area under cold running water for 5-10 minutes to
remove the heat or irritant.
5. Hair or clothing fire: To extinguish the flames use the safety shower.
6. If inhale chemical irritants –close containers, open widows or otherwise increase
ventilation.
7. Ingestion of chemicals-immediately report to Health Center.
8. Notify the appropriate authorities immediately in case of fire at 911.
9. If clothes catch fire drop to the floor and roll to smother the fire.
10. If fire is large and spreading, activate the fire alarm to alert building occupants.
11. Evacuate building in appropriate manner.
Personal Safety
1.
2.
3.
4.
Please wear proper eye protection—goggles at all times.
Wear appropriate lab coat or lab apron while in lab environment.
Do not wear contact lens during lab experiments.
Please wear shoes that do not have open spaces; sandals and open-toe shoes are not
acceptable.
5. Confine long hair, neckties, jewelry and loose clothing while in lab environment.
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1. pH Measurement
1.1 Introduction
A very important measurement in many liquid chemical processes (industry, pharmaceutical,
manufacturing, food production, etc.) is that of pH: which represents the hydrogen ion
concentration in a liquid solution. The concentration of H¯¹ affects the solubility of inorganic
and organic species, the nature of complex metal cations and the rates of chemical reactions.
The concentration of the H¯¹ is frequently expressed as the pH of the solution rather than
hydrogen ion molarity. pH is defined by the equation below:
pH = ?log [H+¹]
(1.1)
In the equation above the logarithm is taken to the base. If [H¯¹] is 1 x 10¯4 moles per liter, the
pH of the solution is 4. If [H+¹] = 1 x 10¯² M, the pH is 2.
[H+¹] x [OH¯¹] = Kw = 1.0 x 10¯14 at 25ºC
(1.2)
The above equation shows the relation of pH in a basic solution. Since [H¯¹] equals [OH¯¹] in
pure water, in equation 2, [H+¹] must be 1 x 10¯ 7M. Therefore, the pH represented in distilled
water is 7. The solutions that exhibit [H¯¹] > [OH¯¹] are acidic and are denoted with a pH 7 applies when [H¯¹]