a) Briefly outline the attributes of pulsed lasers for micro

a) Briefly outline the attributes of pulsed lasers for micro.
a) Briefly outline the attributes of pulsed lasers for micro cutting applications and describe how these are used in the manufacture of medical stent devices.b) Briefly describe with the use of sketches how lasers are used for trimming electronic printed resistors.c) Give a detailed description of the Laser Micro-Jet process, which involves a laser beam guided by a fine water jet, and how this is being used in the electronics industry. Use sketches to illustrate your answer.d) For the case of micromachining with a near-Gaussian pulsed laser beam, write down the expression that describes in theory how the diameter of a single pulse ablation feature (crater) varies as a function of the beam waist radius, the peak fluence and the ablation threshold fluence. If a laser with a pulse energy of 100 J can be focused to a spot size (twice the beam waist radius) of 30 m, first calculate the peak fluence in Jcm-2 generated and then use this in the above expression to estimate the diameter of crater that would be produced by a single pulse on Ti-6Al-4Va (with an ablation threshold fluence 0.24 Jcm-2).This is a question from an exam, so the answer should be presented in the form of an exam . The slide is very important, so please read the slide carefully and then answer the question.
a) Briefly outline the attributes of pulsed lasers for micro