WRTg393 Liberty Technical Description of Non-Specialized Audience Paper I have attached copies of the assignment. They are 3 assignment in all, please foll

WRTg393 Liberty Technical Description of Non-Specialized Audience Paper I have attached copies of the assignment. They are 3 assignment in all, please follow all instructions carefully Writing Assignment #2
Technical Description
Summary of the Assignment:
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Task: In this assignment, you will write a technical description for a non-specialized
audience. You will explain to a non-technical audience how something works. You will
choose an object or a process with which you are familiar. You will describe this object
or process to an audience that has little or no background of the subject.
Length: 500-800 words, single-spaced
Graphics: You must include at least one graphic.
o graphics borrowed from other sources need to be cited in APA format
o all graphics should be labeled
Sample Technical Descriptions from Previous WRTG 393 Students:
In our class in LEO, if you select Content, you will see a section labelled sample papers for
WRTG 393.
If you select that section, you will see some sample white papers written by previous students in
WRTG 393.
Brief Description and Strategies:
Keep in mind that you are not writing instructions on how to do something. You wrote
instructions for writing assignment #1. For writing assignment #2, if you describe a process, you
may want to describe a process that does not involve direct human action. This approach will
help prevent you from writing another set of instructions for this assignment. If you describe a
process, you will describe an activity or phenomenon that takes place. For example, you could
describe how the heart pumps blood in the human body. But you could not give instructions on
how to take someone’s blood.
Your description will include graphics. The description will use visual detail in both words and
images. You might consider one of the following two strategies:
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provide one main graphic and refer to parts in the graphic when writing your technical
description
provide many graphics, integrating each graphic as you write the various parts of the
technical description
Examples of topics for this assignment include the following:
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You are an auto mechanic. You could write a description of how spark plugs work to an
audience of non-mechanics. You would not write a set of instructions on how to install
spark plugs. You would describe how spark plugs work.
You work in technical support at a computer store. You could write a description of how
a graphics card works to an audience that is not familiar with computers. You would not
write a set of instructions on how to install a graphics card. You would describe how
graphics cards work.
You are in a branch of the military. You could write a description of how a function of
your unit operates to a non-military audience. You would not write a set of instructions
on how to do something in the military unit. You would describe how a function or
process in the military unit operates.
You might describe a piece of equipment that you included in your set of instructions for
writing assignment #1. For example, assume that you wrote a set of instructions for
writing assignment #1 on how to change oil in a car. In that set of instructions, perhaps
you listed a hydraulic jack as a piece of equipment. For writing assignment #2, you could
write a description of how the hydraulic jack works in lifting up a car. You would not
write a set of instructions on how to jack up a car. You would describe how the jack
works.
Your description should answer the following questions:
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What is the object or process? How is it defined?
What does the object or process do?
What does the object or process look like?
What is the object made of? (if you are describing an object and not a process)
How does the object or process work?
Why should the reader be interested in your object or process?
Overall, chapter 20 from Markel, “Writing Descriptions,” should be read thoroughly as you begin this assignment.
Different types of descriptions call for different strategies. The chapter from Markel is an excellent resource in
guiding your approach. The chapter is available in eReserves in our class.
On page 549, Markel provides an excellent distinction between writing instructions and describing a process. Please
become familiar with that section of Markel’s chapter as you consider your topic for this assignment.
Organization and Formatting:
Your technical description should have the following sections:
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Title
Introduction (general information, including definitions)
Body (identifying and explaining the parts and characteristics)
Conclusion (summary of how the parts work together)
Consider one of these styles of organization in planning and organizing your description:
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Functions in spatial order –
o This style might be used when you want readers to describe an object or process
according to its physical layout. For example, in describing an acoustic guitar,
you might start with the tuners at the top and work your way to the bridge near the
bottom.
Functions in order of importance –
o This style would be used if you want to highlight the most important functions
first, the next most important functions second, etc. For example, in describing a
flatscreen television set, you might start with the pixels, which make up the
picture, and then proceed to describe other functions.
Functions in chronological order –
o This style would be used if you want to describe the object or process according
to time. For example, in describing a how spark plugs work, you might start with
what happens first (electrons flowing from the ignition coil) what happens second
(the voltage difference that occurs), what happens third, etc.
In addition, the document should be single-spaced.
Helpful Guides and Resources:
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“Writing Descriptions,” chapter from M. Markel in eReserves
David McMurrey’s Technical Description: What does it look like?
Scribd description of a computer mouse
How spark plugs work
Some sample technical descriptions written by previous students in WRTG 393 are
provided in our class in LEO.
Due Date:
Your instructor will notify you of the due date. You will write a first draft, your instructor will
comment on the first draft, and you will submit a second draft using the comments as your guide.
Writing Assignment #3
Memo on White Paper
Summary of the Assignment:
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Task: In this paper, you will write a memo to your instructor.
Length: 150-300 words
Graphics: none
Format in Citing and Listing Sources: no sources required
Number and of Sources: no sources required
Description of the Memo:
This assignment is designed to help prepare you in writing the white paper, which is the last
writing assignment in the class.
In writing this memo, please use the following format for the top of the memo:
To: your instructor’s name
From:
Date:
Subject:
Then, in constructing the memo, answer the following questions by deleting the blue text in the
brackets and replacing it with the requested information.
What is your topic?
[Describe the topic, at least at this point, for your white paper. In describing the topic, please
explain the problem or issue that you will be addressing. In addition, describe what your “new
findings” will be in addressing that problem. You might review the video from the Purdue OWL
in case you need to review the “new findings” concept. This section of the memo can be one or
two paragraphs.]
Who is your intended audience and what is their profile?
[Identify your intended audience. You might have several audiences. In fact, you might have a
primary audience and a secondary audience. This section of the memo can be one or two short
paragraphs.]
Length of the Paper:
Your memo should be 150-300 words in length.
Due Date:
Your instructor will notify you of the due date. You will write only one draft of this assignment.
If the topic you choose needs modification, your instructor will let you know.
Writing Assignment #4
The White Paper
Summary of the Assignment:
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Task: In this paper, you will write a document that provides information that an
audience can use to inform a decision. We have read various white papers in the class
this semester. White papers can be any one of the following types:
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technical papers
business benefit papers
advocacy papers
hybrid technical/business papers
The CANRIGHT document that is provided in the class in LEO describes all four of
these types of white papers.
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Length: 2000-3000 words
Graphics: at least three graphics, two of which have to be original
Format in Citing and Listing Sources: APA
Number and of Sources: at least five sources, at least one of which has to be obtained
through OneSearch
Brief Description of the White Paper:
In preparing for this assignment, you will want to review the following video:
“White Papers: An Introduction to the Genre and Its Expectations,” from the Purdue OWL
In addition, please review sample white papers in our class, especially any samples that were
written by students.
You might have taken WRTG 394 at UMUC. In WRTG 394, the final paper is a research-based business
report. This assignment is different from the research-based business report in WRTG 394.
In this paper for WRTG 393, you are providing background research to an audience to help the audience
make a decision on a topic. In WRTG 394, the paper is written to a specific decision-maker about a
specific problem in your workplace or community and recommends a specific course of action. The
audience and approach for the white paper in WRTG 393 is usually different from those for the researchbased business report in WRTG 394.
You may take any of the following approaches:
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a white paper to an internal audience – written to individuals within an organization you
work for or are a part of. The white paper might inform them about a trend in the field
and/or to solve a problem in the organization.
a white paper to an external audience – written to individuals in a particular industry or
field of study, but not an organization you are a part of. The white paper could address a
problem you are attempting to solve in the organization or to inform an external audience
about a relevant trend.
a white paper promoting a new product or service to potential customers. This is an
example of a white paper to an external audience, but it features different rhetorical
considerations than the typical white paper written to an external audience does.
All three options are discussed in the Purdue OWL video mentioned above. In addition, the
video from Mak Pandit mentioned above provides excellent insight into how these approaches
would work.
Sample White Papers from Previous WRTG 393 Students:
In our class in LEO, if you select Content, you will see a section labelled sample papers for
WRTG 393.
If you select that section, you will see some sample white papers written by previous students in
WRTG 393.
Strategies to Consider for the White Paper:
Please follow these guidelines:
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have a focused topic. Please see the sample white papers from previous students for
examples of how previous topics have been developed for this paper.
? write to an identified audience
o if your white paper is to an internal audience, it might have a fairly narrow
audience. For example, if you work in a hair salon and write a white paper
promoting a new billing system for your salon, the audience will probably be the
owner and manager of the hair salon.
o if your white paper is to an external audience, it could have a broad audience or a
narrow audience. For example, if you do not work for a hair salon and you write
a white paper promoting a new billing system for hair salons, the audience will
probably be the various hair salons in your neighborhood.
o if your white paper is to promote a product or service to potential customers, it
could have a fairly broad audience. For example, a white paper promoting a new
taxi service in your neighborhood has, theoretically, all residents in the
neighborhood as a potential audience.
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? make sure that you do not directly tell the audience what action it should take. Rather,
offer background information that the audience can use to make a decision. The Purdue
OWL video mentions this principle. This is one reason the video refers to the white
paper as a backgrounder report.
How to Organize the White Paper:
Please include the following sections in your white paper:
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Executive Summary
Introduction
Previous Approaches
New Findings
Conclusion
References
In the Executive Summary, summarize your research and your purpose. The executive
summary should be a stand-alone document. It should be written in such a way that a busy
executive could read the executive summary and know exactly what the paper is about without
reading the rest of the paper.
In the Introduction, you lay the groundwork for your readers for the details that will be
introduced in the white paper. If you need to define any terms, you will do so here. You might
share an anecdote or illustration to describe why this topic is important.
In the Previous Approaches section, you will describe the approaches or strategies that have
been previously used or are currently used on the topic. For example, if your white paper is
being written to advertise a new taxi service in your area, you might review what transportation
services are provided now. You could show the challenges or problems that the current services
involve. In this section of the white paper, your use of sources will be very important. You
should integrate research to show that the problems you have identified exist.
In the New Findings section, you present perhaps the most important information in the paper.
In this section, you will describe the findings of your research and relate these findings to the
purpose of your report. You will not only provide data and research, but you will also explain
the data and research and why it is relevant to your report’s topic.
For example, if your white paper is being written to advertise a new taxi service in your area, you
might review what transportation services are provided now and show why the new taxi service
fills a need that the current set of transportation services does not fill or solves a problem that the
current set of transportation services does not solve. You will provide data and evidence for why
the new taxi service has promise in solving the problems you have identified.
In this section of the white paper, your use of sources will be very important as well. You should
integrate research to show that the problems you have identified will be solved by your new
approach.
In the Conclusion section, you review what your research shows in light of the previous
approaches used. You will not tell the audience what steps to take next. However, you will
summarize what your findings articulate.
In the References, you will list your sources that you cited in the paper. You will list them in
APA format. Please note that the lectures on white papers that you have viewed and examples of
white papers you may have read may not have used APA format. You will be using APA format
in this assignment.
You are required to have at least five sources for your paper. In addition, at least one of them is
to have been acquired through UMUC Library OneSearch.
Primary sources will be very beneficial for the paper. For example, if your white paper is being
written to advertise a new taxi service in your area, you might interview some local residents
about the problems they have with the current transportation services in the area. The
information in such interviews would be persuasive research to integrate into your white paper.
Length of the Paper:
Your white paper should be 2000-3000 words in length. Again, you are required to use at least
five sources, with at least one of them being acquired through UMUC Library OneSearch.
Graphics:
Your white paper should incorporate at least three graphics. Graphic can include tables, charts,
or graphs showing some research findings. They can also be images that are relevant to the topic
of the white paper.
At least two of the graphics must be original. Original graphics can include photos taken by you
or tables, charts, or graphs developed by you
To see examples of graphics used in white papers, see the Purdue OWL video, “White Papers:
An Introduction to the Genre and Its Expectations,” at the 3:27 mark, at the 5:29 mark, at the
6:58 mark, at the 7:01 mark, at the 7:11 mark, at the 7:43 mark, and at the 7:58 mark.
Due Date:
Your instructor will notify you of the due date. You will write a first draft, your instructor will
comment on the first draft, and you will submit a second draft using the comments as your guide.

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