Savannah State University How Gangs are Formed and Work Discussion Paper Write a summary for chapter 5 and key points. EXACTLY 1 PAGE FOR SUMMARY AND EXACT

Savannah State University How Gangs are Formed and Work Discussion Paper Write a summary for chapter 5 and key points. EXACTLY 1 PAGE FOR SUMMARY AND EXACTLY 1 PAGE FOR KEY POINTS LIKE THE EXAMPLE. Template and PowerPoint attached. No Plagiarism. Delaney, American Street Gangs, 2e
Chapter 5
Gang Structure and Process
Gangs,
Prof. Brooks
Summer 2020
1
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Gang Structure
Organizational structures of street gangs vary
“Near groups”
Gang leaders are usually longtime members who
have climbed the ranks and are generally looked up
to by the other members.
• Charismatic leader
• Militaristic leader
2
Organizational Parallels Between Street
Gangs and the Military
Similarities between street gangs and the military are
some reasons members join.
• Ceremonies of induction and violation
• Ceremonies for disobeying rules
• Specific clothing and style of dress
• A ranking structure
• The use of symbols and acronyms
• Protection of turf
3
Comparing Street Gangs to a Violent Tribe
Waorani: The Contexts of Violence and War (1997)
• Clayton and Carole Robarchek compare street
gangs to the Waorani tribe, found near the Amazon
River in Ecuador.
• Robarcheks theorized human behavior is motivated
by what they (humans) want to achieve in their
world as they perceive and understand it.
• Gang member willingness to engage in warfare is
premised on loyalty to the group, territoriality,
bravado, blood vengeance, the use of violence,
and the instrumental need for self-validation.
4
Comparing Street Gangs to Greek Life
• Members of both street gangs andthe Greek
fraternities identify themselves with specific colors,
symbols, use of hand signs, and may often engage
in deviant or criminal activities.
• “Flat Hat Club”
• Individuals join Greek organizations and street
gangs for the companionship, camaraderie, and
sense of family the organization brings.
• Two major differences in the organizations are the
pursuit of educational knowledge and community
service.
5
Gang Typologies
Age
Graded
Gangs
Type of
Activity
Degree of
Attachment
to and
Involvement
with the
Gang
6
Racial and
Ethnic
Distinctions
of Gangs
Degree of
Criminality
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Turning: The Socialization of a Gang
Member
Socialization is a process of social development and
learning that occurs as individuals interact with one
another and learn about society’s expectations for
acceptable behavior.
9
Reasons to Join a Gang
Curry and Decker
• Youths are “pulled” to join a gang when they view
such a lifestyle as attractive, for either the friendship
of peers, opportunities to make money, or the sense
of power within the community that gang life
symbolizes.
• Youths are said to be “pushed” into a gang when
they fear for their lives or when they see themselves
as powerless to resist the temptations of gang life.
10
Reasons to Join a Gang
Recruitment
Fraternal approach
Obligation to local community
Coercion
Varied vetting processes and requirements
among different gangs
11
Reasons to Join a Gang
Initiation
•
Gangs develop different rites of passage, or
initiation ceremonies, that recruits must pass in
order to gain membership.
•
Violation ceremonies (Padilla)
Leaving the Gang
12
•
Some gang members simply “quit”
•
“Blood in, Blood Out”
•
“Flipping”
Code of the Street: Respect
The Code of the Street
• The code of streets involves the gang mentality of
using violence as a way to handle business and
socializes people to be “on guard.”
• By the time inner-city street youths become
teenagers, most of them have internalized the code
of the street, or at least learned to comport
themselves in accordance with its rules.
13
CHAPTER SUMMARY
The social environment produces a wide variety of
street gangs, and therefore a corresponding diversity of
organizational structures.
Despite the differences between street gangs, a number of
different typologies have been established to categorize street
gangs, including age, degree of criminality, degree of
attachment to and involvement in the gang, type of activity,
and racial and ethnic distinctions.
Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the
expectations of society. Some people are socialized to accept
the prevailing norms and values of the greater society, while
others learn to embrace the norms and values of the immediate
community, or subcultural group.
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Although the processes of recruitment and turning to the gang
vary from gang to gang, initiations are often brutal and highly
violent.
Gang members learn to abide by the “code of the streets,” a
code that implies being street-smart, showing respect, and
demanding respect.
Any form of disrespect will be addressed by confrontation and
may result in deadly violence.
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
John Doe
Chapter 3 Summary
CRJU 4601 Gangs
Professor Brooks
June 6, 2019
What I’ve Learned
Doe 1
Chapter 7 presents the research finding s of Franklin Frazier who examined rebellious
Negro youth in relation to their family organization. Frazier concluded that “The disorganization
of negro family life in the urban environment, together with the absence of communal controls,
results in a high delinquency rate among negro boys and girls (Frazier, 1939, p 23). Frazier
reached this conclusion by studying the arrest rates and patterns of the Negro youth in the United
States as well as several written statements from said youth and arresting officers. He also found
that Negro boys were more likely to be brought before the courts than girls. He found that in
1933 there were 9, 864 Negro boys compared with 1,803 Negro girls that were dealt with among
sixty-seven United States courts.
As consistent with the adult Negro population, Negro youth delinquency was at higher
rates than white youth delinquency. In New York City, the rate was three times as high for the
Negro youth, and in Baltimore it was more than four times. Frazier pointed out that Negro youth
delinquency rates varied among the United States and that the only true way to gain insight or an
understanding as to why the youth was delinquent was to evaluate the boy or girl in relation to
his or her family and community setting. Frazier studied Negro youth delinquency in Nashville,
Tennessee. From 1925-1929, the number of Negro boys brought into to the courts in Nashville
fluctuated while the number of Negro girls declined. In 1929, the majority of the Negro youth
brought before the courts were from twelve to fifteen years of age. Of those boys, the most
common offense was stealing and of the girls was incorrigibility and disorderly conduct. Frazier
notes that the Negro delinquents were apprehended and brought before the courts much more
frequently than the white delinquents. What Frazier alluded to is the fact that there are several
factors that should be examined when addressing the issue of Negro youth delinquency.
Doe 2
Key Chapter Points
1. Negro boys were brought before the courts more often than Negro girls.
2. Negro boys and girls were younger in comparison to white boys and girls.
3. Delinquency rates were higher for Negro boys and girls than white boys and girls.
4. Negro boys were more prone to commit larceny and burglary.
5. Negro girls were apprehended for incorrigibility and disorderly conduct.
6. Negro delinquency fluctuated throughout the country.
7. Negro youth delinquency was associated with the breakdown of Negro families.
8. Only 67 of 176 Negro delinquents came from dual parent homes in 1929.
9. Boys as young as eleven and twelve were apprehended for gang involvement.
10. Delinquency is closely tied with the organization of the community.
11. The vicious environment could be offset by family.
12. Negro families that achieve economic security escape to more stable areas.
13. Negro families that lived farthest away from the city had more stable lives.
14. The physical decay of surroundings caused Negro families to be torn apart.
15. Children from broken families easily drifted into delinquency.
16. The lack of recreational facilities contributed to the lesser crimes.
17. Boys charged with selling on the streets indicated poverty of their families.
18. The delinquent behavior of girls represented their expected role in life.
19. Mothers forced to bear the full load of the family caused delinquency in youth.
20. Authorities often had no choice but to deliver Negro youth to the courts.
21. Negro families’ success or failure depended on their economic success.

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