Patient Respiratory Distress Opioid Ingestion PH & CO2 Values Questions 1. A patient is experiencing respiratory distress due to opioid ingestion. The acid

Patient Respiratory Distress Opioid Ingestion PH & CO2 Values Questions 1. A patient is experiencing respiratory distress due to opioid ingestion. The acid base values are:

pH: 7.31

CO2: 55

HCO3: 24

A. Explain the cause for the pH value

B. Explain the cause for the CO2 value

C. Explain how compensation may occur

2. A patient is experiencing respiratory distress after a fight with their spouse. The acid base values are:

pH: 7.48

CO2: 31

HCO3: 24

A. Explain the cause for the pH value

B. Explain the cause for the CO2 value

C. Explain how compensation may occur

3. A patient is experiencing severe diarrhea . The acid base values are:

pH: 7.33

CO2: 39

HCO3: 19

A. Explain the cause for the pH value

B. Explain the cause for the HCO3 value

C. Explain how compensation may occur

4. A patient is is experiencing severe vomiting. The acid base values are:

pH: 7.49

CO2: 42

HCO3: 31

A. Explain the cause for the pH value

B. Explain the cause for the HCO3 value

C. Explain how compensation may occur “****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
Always Running
La Vida Loca: Gang Days in L.A.
Luis J. Rodríguez
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
This work is dedicated to:
Antonio Gutierrez
Carlos Mancillas
Eddie Lozano
Linda Treviño
John “Spook” Fabela
Marlene “Negra” Domínguez
Don “Sonny” López
Miguel Robles
Elías Avila
Richard “Porky” Sierra
Lenard “Gallo” Ocaña
Fernando “Caballo” Arredondo
Martin Alvarado
Fidel “Puppet” Hernandez
Marcelino “Daddio” Cabrera
David “Puppet” Alcon
Freddie Mendoza
David “Loco” Domínguez
Ricky Herrera
René Molinar
Al “Pache” Alvarez
Leonard “Lalo” Villaseñor
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
Ruben “Sharkie” Martínez
Daniel “Indio” Cabrera
and
Rodolfo “Sonny” Gómez
My life is a poem to their memory.
—Luis J. Rodríguez
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
Contents
The Long Run: New Introduction to Always Running
Preface to 1993 Edition
Chapter One
Chapter Two
Chapter Three
Chapter Four
Chapter Five
Chapter Six
Chapter Seven
Chapter Eight
Chapter Nine
Chapter Ten
Epilogue
A Biography of Luis J. Rodríguez
Glossary
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
The Long Run: New
Introduction to Always
Running
“My task is to make you hear, to make you feel, and, above all, to
make you see. That is all, and it is everything.”
—Joseph Conrad
WHAT’S
HAPPENED IN THE
more than ten years since Always
Running first hit the bookstands? My son Ramiro, for whom I
wrote the book, is serving a 28-year prison sentence for three
counts of attempted murder. More of my homies from 30 years
ago have died, including Rene Muñoz-Ledo, who wrote a familyproduced book, “Forgiven,” about overcoming his gang and drug
experiences before succumbing to cancer in 2004. The Chicago
youth I started to work with right after the book’s publication
through Youth Struggling for Survival (YSS) continue to organize
and thrive, although a few have been killed or imprisoned.
Good and bad things have occurred. But the good—young
people changing their lives, the growth of organized urban peace
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
efforts, the expansion of spiritual-based practices and the
intensifying debate on how to address violence in this country—
have far outweighed the bad.
I have gone to hundreds of public and private schools to
speak. In Boston’s Hyde Park, the mostly African American
students there created a ballet and a rap song based on the book.
In East Lansing’s Eastern High where black and Mexican youth
had been warring, Always Running became the one thing they
could unite on (a student there painted a mural in the school
library with scenes from the book). In East L.A.’s Garfield High,
Chicano students established an after-school study circle to
become intellectually engaged and politically active based on
what they learned from the book.
I’ve visited numerous prisons, juvenile detention centers,
sober-living homes and rehabilitation centers. I’ve read my poems
in the Maximum Security Yard at San Quentin Prison as prisoners
talked, worked out with weights, played chess and jogged (oh,
and quite a few stopped to listen). In one California prison, I saw
a homeboy I had not seen in 30 years—all that time he’d been in
prison. He told me, “Whatever you do, help the kids.” I’ve met
court judges who made reading my book part of offenders’
sentences.
I’ve addressed thousands of teachers, law enforcement
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
personnel, social workers, community organizers, journalists,
government officials, graduate students, writers and others in
countless conferences, workshops, peace summits and forums.
I’ve appeared on major media programs such as The Oprah
Winfrey Show, Good Morning America, CNN’s Talk Live, The
News Hour with Jim Lehrer, and other shows on BBC-London,
C-SPAN, National Public Radio, Discovery’s Health Network,
Pacifica Radio, PBS-TV, Spanish-language TV and radio
networks and more.
My work has taken me to Toronto, Montreal, Paris, London,
Rome, Milan, Berlin, Hamburg, Frankfort, Cologne, Munich,
Heidelberg, southern Germany, Amsterdam, Groningen, Salzburg,
Mexico City, Chihuahua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua and Puerto Rico.
For more than a decade, I’ve taken part in purification
ceremonies in Native American and Native Mexican “sweat”
lodges (called inipis or temescallis) with gang and other troubled
youth as well as recovering adults; with longtime spiritual friends
Luis Ruan, Frank Blázquez, and my wife, Trini; and with elder
medicine men like Anthony Lee of the Navajo Reservation.
This work is about the “long run,” not just for today, for any
possible accolades or to meet funding deadlines—but for the
adequate and full protection, health and balance, as Native elders
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
say, of our young people seven generations from now.
In spite of this, Always Running has become a lightning rod
for certain right-wing groups who are trying to stop its use in
schools because of the book’s politics and graphic nature.
According to the American Library Association, it is one of the
100 most censored books in the United States.
In Rockford, Illinois, I debated a prominent school board
member lobbying to ban the book to an overflow audience of
mostly book supporters. In San Jose, California, I wrote an
opinion piece to counter the efforts there to remove the book from
approved reading lists. In Chicago, I addressed leaders of a group
of 200 students who had walked out of their school to protest the
removal of the book from the school library.
One strange incident occurred in Kalamazoo, Michigan. I
was speaking at various schools and community events in the
area. At one point, I tried to enter a school with Always Running
in hand. School officials stopped me at the entrance saying I could
come in, but my book could not—it had been banned in that
school.
As I see it, the battle lines are between the idealized,
superficial and insular-minded way of looking at the world (which
many schools and mainstream culture impose on our children and
the rest of us), and the actual conditions of our lives with all its
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
multiplicity, struggle, shading and nuance. Most children
recognize the hypocrisy of emphasizing a linear, clean and
desexed past while they confront daily the muddy, uncertain and
hybrid truths.
Sexuality, for example, is a natural part of human
development. Books don’t cause teenagers to become sexual—
hormones do. Instead of providing understanding and badly
needed guidance to teenagers when the hormones kick in, too
often they are told “sex is wrong,” that it shouldn’t be addressed
until they mature (instead of preparing them so they do mature),
and that there’s only one way of looking at sex and other
disturbing topics like race, class and power (mostly by denying
their existence). The truth is much more complex.
There is too much censorship of reality in the classroom.
Whatever involves social discomfort, emotional depth or hard
thinking is cut out. Language, behavior, ideas, ways of expression
and authentic imaginations—as well as books—have been
censored. Everything is directed toward “normalcy,” the folding
into the fast-paced, material- and status-oriented capitalist value
system. As a result, much of the expanse and variety of the human
condition is belittled or invalidated. Our humanity is sacrificed,
little by little.
Despite this, Always Running continues to be requested and
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
used. I’ve been told countless times that this is one of the few
books nonreaders love to read. And that it is often the most stolen
book in libraries and classrooms. I don’t condone this, although it
usually happens in places where there are no bookstores or decent
library facilities.
Yes, Always Running is hard-core. Yes, it’s graphic. It’s
meant to be this way. You can’t tell this true story about real gang
life without the graphic details. Many kids who love the book
have also lived through similar experiences. Too many adults are
naive or close-minded about what their children are going
through.
The thing is, Always Running was a book that had to be
written. It’s the first major account of the Chicano barrio gang
experience from an actual participant (unlike the many
sociological studies by social scientists). After more than 80 years
of L.A. barrio warfare, thousands killed, several generations of
gang families, parents who lost two or three sons, this story had to
be told.
I can’t claim Always Running is representative of the vastly
multifaceted Chicano gang life. I can only take responsibility for
the truths I felt compelled to reveal, with the necessary changes in
facts and names to protect the innocent and the guilty.
Like any good story, there are deep lessons, most of which I
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
learned “the hard way.” My life on the streets involved stealing,
shootings, stabbings, arrests, homelessness, drug use and
overdoses. I’ve been beaten and shot at—although never hit—and
I’ve beaten, stabbed and shot at others. I felt too far gone to be
redeemed, to be any good to anyone or anything. I didn’t have
plans for a future, for a career, or the dreams to take me there.
You’ll find all this and more in Always Running.
At the same time, you’ll also discover the transcendent
account of a poet/artist who, with the help of a small, socially
engaged core of community leaders and teachers, overcame his
own deeply held pathologies to take on the great challenges of an
oppressive and exploitative reality—and finding his own
particular destiny with words, dedicated himself to making
positive contributions in transforming that reality.
I went from victim to perpetrator to witness to revolutionary.
More than 30 years later, I continue to do the vital work of
helping create a healthy earth and a healthy society worthy of our
gifts, our needs and our dreams (which is the ultimate struggle,
the one fight really worth fighting).
I have a duty to take those lessons and experiences to as
many people as will listen, to expand the conversation about why
people join gangs, are violent, lose their imaginations and their
hopes, and what we can do as creative and caring communities to
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
truly see and address these ongoing and deepening concerns.
Censorship, repression and suppression simply don’t work.
All-out creativity; poetic expression; access to life-giving
resources; truly meaningful and respectful relationships;
purposeful and life-affirming schooling and work (jobs and more
jobs); decent health care; drug and psychiatric treatment as
needed; and truly rehabilitative and initiatory practices are a few
of the things that do work.
But the political will and narrowing economic resources, as
well as the cultural values of our present time, have not fostered
the growth or taken up the responsibility of healing a nation.
Prisons and war seem to be the only way out for most poor and
abandoned communities.
We have the technological means, we have the people, we
have the ideas—we don’t have the proper social organization.
No one can stand gangs. Everyone wants to get rid of them.
But the solid and necessary work that will actually delve into the
social, political, psychological, economic and spiritual basis for
gangs, drug addictions, as well as domestic and street violence is
not being done. To paraphrase Henry David Thoreau, thousands
are hacking at the branches of the problem; few are working at the
root.
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
While it’s true many organizations, churches, unions,
neighborhood councils, native sweat lodge circles, community
centers, arts programs, poetry circles, hip-hop organizations and
mentoring groups continue to transform lives among the most
hard-core gang youth, there are still tens of thousands more young
people, most not even in gangs, who are being abandoned, pushed
aside, condemned to prison, drug addictions or early deaths.
Ramiro is one of the statistics, although he’s not a number to
me—he’s my son. I have discussed extensively in writing, in the
media, and in front of countless audiences my particular
contribution to Ramiro’s breakdown and eventual imprisonment.
Essentially, I neglected Ramiro and my daughter, Andrea, after
their mom and I broke up. Years later, when they came to live
with me in Chicago, they were resentful pissed-off teenagers. As
one can imagine, I had a hard time trying to be the father figure
they desperately needed. Even still, there are those who have
made Ramiro’s ordeal a focal point to attack me and my book.
How can I claim my book has changed lives when my own
son is incarcerated? Doesn’t this prove these kids aren’t worthy of
help?
My answer would be an emphatic no. As Ramiro’s father, I
had no choice but to step up to the plate, to become the father I
should’ve been when they were younger. But I was also in the
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
process of healing. After many failed tries, I finally took part in a
recovery program and became sober after seven years of drug use
and twenty years of drinking, a sobriety I have maintained for a
dozen years since mid-1993.
Now I had no excuses. I could focus on my son’s ordeals. I
could be a better husband, friend, father and leader. Always
Running contributed immensely to my personal healing. Writing
about my violent gang life, the drug addictions, the rages and
fears, proved to be risky and extremely difficult, but deeply
cathartic.
Eventually, I reconciled with Ramiro, now 30, even while he
was imprisoned in various Illinois Department of Corrections
facilities. I couldn’t bail him out of the trouble he was in, but I
wouldn’t abandon him either. I’ve promised to stand by him and
provide whatever assistance he needs to become strong and wise
from this prison experience. He promised he would do well so he
could get out in 14 years with good time—he wants to be a father
to his three children and an active participant in the communities
of imagination and hope we’ve been working toward. At great
risk, he left the gang life. He’s also been a teacher’s aide, helping
other prisoners.
Recently, Ramiro wrote: “When Always Running was first
written, it opened my eyes to some of the things you have
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
experienced, and some of the changes you have made in your life
… [T]hings would have been a lot worse for me if you did not try
to make an effort to help me escape from some of the craziness.
… I am grateful for you always being there for me. Even when we
did not get along and our relationship was estranged, you still
stayed a presence in my life. We accomplished a lot together, and
one of those accomplishments was YSS … it helped us to stay
connected. [Ironically] my coming to prison is what helped us to
become closer. We finally have a true father and son relationship.
That should be a new message for fathers from your book: Don’t
wait until your son goes to prison to finally get to know him.”
I’ve learned a lot from Ramiro—it wasn’t always me who
did the teaching.
I’ve come a long way since Always Running first saw the light of
day. But this journey would not have been possible without the
immense patience, love and support of my wonderful family: my
wife Trini; our two sons, Rubén, 17, and Luis, 11; my 28-year-old
daughter, Andrea; and my grandchildren—Ricardo, Anastasia,
Amanda Mae and Catalina.
Also I have to recognize my mother, Maria Estela: Despite
years of not talking to each other, and a battle with cancer that
she’s overcome, we’re now very close (my father, Alfonso, died
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
in 1992 before Always Running came out). And my brothers and
sisters, nephews and nieces, and countless uncles, aunts and
cousins (a few of them had problems when my book was first
published but, in time, became my biggest fans).
I also have to thank Alexander Taylor, Judith Doyle and the
board and staff at Curbstone Press of Willimantic, Connecticut,
who first published Always Running and continue to support my
work—as well as the publishers and editors of Touchstone
Books/Simon & Schuster, who have kept the paperback version of
Always Running in print (more than 20 printings as of this
writing).
And I thank all the teachers, librarians, parents, students, law
enforcement officers, judges, booksellers, writers, rehab
counselors and community activists who have ensured my books
remain on the shelves, in the hands of young people, and have
also helped in fighting the censorship attempts, allowing new
generations to enjoy and learn from this story.
I was not a good father or a good son, but I learned. I was not
a good poet, but I never stopped writing. I couldn’t put two words
together when I spoke, but now no one can shut me up. I had a
hard time dealing with my addictions, my rages, but somehow,
some way, I overcame them.
The fact is I failed at everything I tried to do, but I kept
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
working at it, failing some more, not giving up, so that eventually,
at age 51, I’ve begun to center my life, get control over my
destructive impulses, and become someone my wife, my kids, my
grandchildren, and my community can learn from and respect.
If Always Running didn’t help anybody, at least it brought
miracles and magic into my life. It saved me. And this is good.
Let me tell you. This is really good. Where I can appreciate the
stillness of the morning instead of endure the screams in my head,
where I don’t have to lose myself to the slow suicide of drugs and
alcohol, as I’d done for 27 years, where I can be thankful and
humbled before the world, before our immense tasks as
revolutionary thinkers and doers, not just for the present, but for
the Long Run, seven generations hence.
This is good, let me tell you. This is really good.
—Luis J. Rodríguez, Spring 2005
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
THERE IS NO ABSOLUTE peril except for him who abandons himself;
there is no complete death except for him who acquires a taste for
dying.
—Jacques Rivière
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
Preface to 1993 Edition
“We have the right to lie, but not about the heart of the matter.”
—Antonin Artaud
LATE WINTER CHICAGO, EARLY 1991: The once-white snow which
fell in December had turned into a dark scum, mixed with icemelting salt, car oil and decay. Icicles hung from rooftops and
windowsills like the whiskers of old men.
For months, the bone-chilling “hawk” swooped down and
forced everyone in the family to squeeze into a one-and-a-half
bedroom apartment in a gray-stone, three-flat building in the
Humboldt Park neighborhood.
Inside tensions built up like fever as we crammed around the
TV set or kitchen table, the crowding made more intolerable
because of heaps of paper, opened file drawers and shelves
packed with books that garnered every section of empty space (a
sort of writer’s torture chamber). The family included my third
wife Trini; our child, Rubén Joaquín, born in 1988; and my 15year-old son Ramiro (a 13-year-old daughter, Andrea, lived with
her mother in East Los Angeles).
“****** DEMO – www.ebook-converter.com*******”
We hardly ventured outside. Few things were worth heaving
on the layers of clothing and the coats, boots and gloves required
to step out the door.
Ramiro had been placed on punishment, but not for an act …
Purchase answer to see full
attachment