Part A Applied Psychology The purpose of this assignment is to review some of the psychological disorders that psychologists and other mental health prof

Part A
Applied Psychology

The purpose of this assignment is to review some of the psychological disorders that psychologists and other mental health professionals may be working with in their profession. For this assignment, please use the National Institute of Mental Health (information on psychological disorders and treatment). Describe at least one major psychological disorder.

What is the disorder?
The types if any
Possible causes
Signs and symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment (medications and psychotherapy)
PART B Which of the following is the first process in researcher Alan
Baddeley’s model of the working memory?
Question 1 options:
Retrieving information from memory
Attending to a stimulus
Storing information about a stimulus
Rehearsing the stored process
Question 2 (2 points)
____________ provides clear evidence of a sensitivity period in
learning.
Question 2 options:
Stimulus discrimination
Association
Spontaneous recovery
Imprinting
Question 3 (2 points)
Psyche, the root word of “psychology,” comes from the Greek for
_____________.
Question 3 options:
mind
soul
personality
heart
Question 4 (2 points)
_________________ is the act helping others in the hope that they
will help you in the future.
Question 4 options:
Kin selection
Ethnocentrism
Reciprocal altruism
Competitive altruism
Question 5 (2 points)
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of
classical conditioning?
Question 5 options:
Organisms learn from the relations between stimuli.
Organisms learn from their voluntary responses which develop over time.
Organisms learn by observing the behavior of others.
Organisms learn from the consequences of their behavior.
Question 6 (2 points)
Yuan insulted Sylvia, who got really mad and slapped him.
Sylvia’s aggression is labeled ________________.
Question 6 options:
hostile
instrumental
relational
predatory
Question 7 (2 points)
Research on gender differences in spatial ability has shown
that:
Question 7 options:
both males and females are rarely if ever skilled at mental rotation tasks.
males generally do better than females on mental rotation tasks.
females generally do better than males on mental rotation tasks.
males and females perform at the same skill level on mental rotation tasks.
Question 8 (2 points)
Wilhelm Wundt is credited with:
Question 8 options:
evaluating the effects of social forces on one’s behavior.
developing the discipline of psychophysics.
giving psychology its independence from philosophy and physiology.
identifying the effects of childhood experiences on the development of our adult personality.
Question 9 (2 points)
According to Benjamin Whorf and Edward Sapir, language
creates thought as much as thought creates language. Taken to
its logical conclusion, this view leads to the ______ hypothesis.
Question 9 options:
innate perception
sensitivity period
rational choice
linguistic determinism
Question 10 (2 points)
Which of the following reactions displayed by a fetus indicates
fear or distress?
Question 10 options:
Increased rate of neuron development
Decreased blood pressure
Increased heart rate
Increased rate of pruning
Question 11 (2 points)
Why does linguist Noam Chomsky argue for an inbuilt device for
language acquisition?
Question 11 options:
Human beings learn languages with great difficulty and over long periods of time.
It is unlikely that a child can learn equally easily any language as his or her native language.
Human beings can easily do the most complex thing of speaking in complete grammatical sentences.
Different languages develop in children in different ways and at different ages.
Question 12 (2 points)
Mothers who _______________ are more likely to have infants who
are temperamentally “difficult” and “fussy.”
Question 12 options:
are depressed or anxious
consume less than the required amount of folic acid
develop gestational diabetes
develop infections such as the flu towards the end of their pregnancy
Question 13 (2 points)
Babies born prematurely—who would otherwise still be
developing in the womb—prefer ______________ flavors to other
flavors.
Question 13 options:
salty
sweet
bitter
sour
Question 14 (2 points)
Which of the following statements is true about identical twins?
Question 14 options:
Identical twins turn out to be vastly different from each other in their personalities, intelligence, illness,
and disease histories.
In the womb, up to 5% of identical twins develop their own placenta.
Twins are identical mainly due to dizygotic fertilization.
Identical twins develop from one fertilized egg.
Question 15 (2 points)
Which of the following is true about theories?
Question 15 options:
Theories, in science, are nothing more than mere guesses.
Theories organize and explain what we have observed.
Theories prevent people from making observations.
Theories cannot explain facts.
Question 16 (2 points)
____________ are defined as people’s written or oral accounts of
their thoughts, feelings, or actions.
Question 16 options:
Behavioral measures
MIS reports
Self-reports
Physiological measures
‘
Question 17 (2 points)
What effect does modeling and reward have on learned
aggressive behavior?
Question 17 options:
Children’s aggressive behavior can be suppressed through punishment.
Kids can learn aggression through exposure to amicable adult models.
Adults are less likely to demonstrate behavior that they see others being rewarded for.
Kids are more likely to copy behavior that they see others being rewarded for.
Question 18 (2 points)
______________ memories are the ones that require conscious
effort for retrieval.
Question 18 options:
Working
Procedural
Echoic
Explicit
Question 19 (2 points)
______________ was the first to distinguish thought disorders
(schizophrenia) from the mood disorders of melancholia
(depression) and manic depression (bipolar disorder). His views
were a major influence on diagnostic categories formulated
during the 20th century.
Question 19 options:
Emil Kraepelin
Sigmund Freud
Dorothea Dix
John Locke
Question 20 (2 points)
Trephination involves:
Question 20 options:
recruiting large numbers of individuals to participate in clinical trials of controversial pharmaceuticals.
associating a previously neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus to create a desired response.
studying large groups of individuals from various cultures to determine similarities and differences across
these cultures.
drilling a small hole in someone’s skull for medical reasons or to release demons thought to possess the
person.
Question 21 (2 points)
Annie has learnt to use certain words such as “jam,” “apple,”
“book,” and “hand.” It suggests that these words are mostly
used:
Question 21 options:
at the end of a sentence.
only in isolated cases.
in the middle of a sentence.
at the beginning of a sentence.
Question 22 (2 points)
Aaliyah remembers how to drive a car with a manual
transmission, but when asked how she does it, she just says, “I
don’t know—it’s automatic.” This is an example of her:
Question 22 options:
semantic memory.
episodic memory.
implicit memory.
priming.
Question 23 (2 points)
Which of the following holds true for a minimally conscious
person?
Question 23 options:
Ability to show voluntary behavior
Inability to track a person with eyes
Inability to exhibit intentional thought
Inability to communicate
Question 24 (2 points)
______________ psychology promotes personal growth and
meaning as a way of reaching one’s highest potential.
Question 24 options:
Humanistic
Holistic
Gestalt
Positive
Question 25 (2 points)
Psychology gained its independence from philosophy when
researchers started to examine and test human sensations and
perception using ______________ methods.
Question 25 options:
abstract
scientific
reflection
behavioral
Question 26 (2 points)
In which of the following approaches to psychology was
introspection the primary research method used to understand
thoughts and behavior?
Question 26 options:
Structuralism
Behaviorism
Empiricism
Psychophysics
Question 27 (2 points)
In _____________, the answers are often open-ended and not
constrained by the researcher.
Question 27 options:
interviews
case studies
questionnaires
experiments
Question 28 (2 points)
Which of the following is true about personality?
Question 28 options:
Personality cannot be consistent across different situations.
The concept of personality would exist only if everyone acted and thought alike.
Personality is about individual differences.
The idea of one’s personality refers to the average behavior expected of people.
Question 29 (2 points)
Both ____________ and ____________ involve specific questions,
usually asked in precisely the same way to each respondent.
Question 29 options:
interviews; surveys
double-blind studies; case studies
case studies; interviews
surveys; double-blind studies
Question 30 (2 points)
Which of the following statements is true regarding imprinting?
Question 30 options:
Imprinting provides clear evidence of synaptic change.
After a certain age, imprinting cannot be modified at all.
Imprinting occurs only in humans.
Imprinting can be learned at any age.
Question 31 (2 points)
Which of the following coping strategies aims to regulate the
experience of distress?
Question 31 options:
Emotion-focused coping
Primary appraisal
Secondary appraisal
Problem-focused coping
Question 32 (2 points)
Which of the following is true of cognitive-behavioral therapy
(CBT)?
Question 32 options:
It helps clients change the way they evaluate potential emotional threats.
It discourages reappraisal, which entails reexamining a situation that was previously seen as stressful.
It focuses on changing behavior, not thoughts.
It is a long-term treatment that has been applied to few psychological disorders.
Question 33 (2 points)
Mallory, a compulsive gambler, regularly attends therapeutic
meetings in which there is a group facilitator and an open
format. Although there are no formal program goals, she says
she benefits greatly from the sense of community offered by
people who share common situations in life. Nancy is attending
_____.
Question 33 options:
a support group
a formal gathering
cognitive therapy
behavioral therapy
Question 34 (2 points)
Lauren is an excessively self-conscious girl who exhibits
pronounced fear of humiliation even while talking to perfect
strangers. She cannot even muster enough courage to ask
anyone nearby to help her out with something lest they ridicule
her. She is most likely to be diagnosed with _____.
Question 34 options:
social anxiety disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
depression
Question 35 (2 points)
Which of the following is a symptom of schizotypal personality
disorder?
Question 35 options:
Rigid habits and perfectionism
Suspicion and cynicism
Perceptual distortions
Fear of criticism
Question 36 (2 points)
The ______ of intelligence holds that the different aspects of
intelligence are distinct enough that numerous abilities must be
considered, not just one.
Question 36 options:
two-factor theory
multiple-factor theory
g-factor theory
expectancy theory
Question 37 (2 points)
Which of the following is true about atypical antipsychotics?
Question 37 options:
The phenothiazines and haloperidol are examples of atypical antipsychotics.
They are considered by many physicians to be the first line of treatment for schizophrenia.
The risk of tardive dyskinesia is higher in atypical antipsychotics than in traditional antipsychotics.
They do not affect the activity of other neurotransmitters in the brain.
Question 38 (2 points)
Which of the following physiological conditions is generally
associated with the emotion of fear?
Question 38 options:
Experiencing goose flesh
Feeling warm
Feeling a lump in the throat
Feeling weak in the knees
Question 39 (2 points)
Which of the following plays a pivotal role in memory?
Question 39 options:
Hippocampus
Temporal lobe
Corpus callosum
Thalamus
Question 40 (2 points)
The question “How are you intelligent?” is best answered by a
theory based on the ______.
Question 40 options:
crystallized theory of intelligence
fluid theory of intelligence
g-factor theory of intelligence
multiple-factor theory of intelligence
Question 41 (2 points)
Which of the following is true of moods?
Question 41 options:
They have no effect on emotions.
They are not influenced by physiology.
They last longer than most emotions.
They remain stable from childhood to adulthood.
Question 42 (2 points)
Which of the following is an obstacle to successful problem
solving whereby people grow a tendency to be blind to unusual
uses of common, everyday things or procedures?
Question 42 options:
Functional Fixedness
Divergent thinking
Observer effect
Response bias
Question 43 (2 points)
Client-centered therapy holds that people have mental health
problems because:
Question 43 options:
there is a gap between who they are and who they would ideally like to be.
they develop insight into their own behavior and develop maladaptive behaviors.
of the rapid and random firings of the occipital lobe neurons.
their self-actualization needs are not met.
Question 44 (2 points)
Dolareen suffers from cynophobia, which is an abnormal fear of
dogs. Her therapist is treating her with systematic
desensitization, which means that the therapist is
___________________.
Question 44 options:
transferring her fear of dogs to a fear of cats
hypnotizing her to be unafraid of dogs
pairing relaxation with gradual exposure to dogs
reducing her real-world contact with dogs
Question 45 (2 points)
Which of the following best describes an insight?
Question 45 options:
Reaching a solution that comes to mind spontaneously
Perceiving things through one’s senses
Confirming the fundamental assumptions of the problem
Putting a problem aside for a while before resuming it
Question 46 (2 points)
In the context of the models of motivation, maintaining
homeostasis is a major motivating factor in the ______ model of
motivation.
Question 46 options:
hierarchical
optimal arousal
evolutionary
drive-reduction
Question 47 (2 points)
The importance of fat in the diets of our ancestors was mainly a
result of ____________.
Question 47 options:
its religious and ceremonial significance
its energy-storing properties
its importance for a sedentary lifestyle
its scarcity in the natural world
Question 48 (2 points)
______ can be defined as a set of cognitive skills that includes
abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and the ability to
acquire knowledge.
Question 48 options:
Behavior
Proposition
Creativity
Intelligence
Question 49 (2 points)
When the body’s blood sugar level drops, the _____________
triggers the drive to obtain food.
Question 49 options:
hippocampus
frontal lobe
hypothalamus
medulla oblongata
Question 50 (2 points)
Which of the following emotions can only be experienced if a
person possesses a sense of self and the ability to reflect on his
own actions?
Question 50 options:
Fear
Shame
Disgust
Anger

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