Ohio University Sociology Multiple Choice Quiz Which statement best illustrates the fundamental theme of sociology? a. Social institutions, not individual

Ohio University Sociology Multiple Choice Quiz Which statement best illustrates the fundamental theme of sociology?
a. Social institutions, not individuals, are solely responsible for deviant behavior.
b. Individual behavior is motivated by subconscious thoughts.
c. In order to understand our experiences, we must focus on personal traits.
d. Everyday social life is the product of a complex interplay between social forces and personal characteristics.

1 points

QUESTION 2
According to the “sociological imagination,” social problems can best be solved by

a. providing treatment to people with problems.
b. changing the characteristic of individuals.
c. changing social institutions and roles.
d. using our imagination to think outside the box.

1 points

QUESTION 3
In American society, the high value placed on _________ makes it difficult for us to see social influences on our behavior.

a. pragmatism
b. religion
c. individualism
d. community

1 points

QUESTION 4
When soldiers return from combat service, they often find it difficult to readjust to life in civilian society. They have had experiences that are difficult to explain to others, and they have lost the structure of military life. They are at increased risk of ________ suicide.

a. anomic
b. egoistic
c. altruistic
d. depressive

1 points

QUESTION 5
Suicides that occur because there is a lack of close connection between individuals and their community, families, or groups are called _____ suicides.
a. altruistic
b. anomic
c. egoistic
d. individualistic

1 points

QUESTION 6
Durkheim concluded that different suicide rates are related to variations in social
a. class.
b. status.
c. ties.
d. skills.

1 points

QUESTION 7
What would be a sociological explanation for differences in standardized test scores among schools?

a. differences in students’ IQ
b. varying rates of mental disorders among students
c. lack of effort among some students
d. disparities in school resources

1 points

QUESTION 8
Sociologists use the term _____ to refer to human interactions that take place at the individual-to-individual level.
a. mesolevel
b. microlevel
c. macrolevel
d. metalevel

1 points

QUESTION 9
Sociologists use the term _____ to refer to the social forces and social structures that are above the level of individuals.
a. mesolevel
b. microlevel
c. macrolevel
d. metalevel

1 points

QUESTION 10
This perspective argues that society is a system whose parts work together to keep society running smoothly.
a. structural functionalism
b. feminist
c. conflict
d. symbolic interactionism

1 points

QUESTION 11
The research technique that uses historical documents and existing statistics over time or across societies is referred to as the
a. historical method
b. statistical method
c. comparative method
d. time-space analysis method

1 points

QUESTION 12
The various positions that people can occupy in social groups are called
a. roels
b. statuses
c. ascribed statuses
d. achieved roles

1 points

QUESTION 13
The rights, privileges, and obligations associated with relationships between particular positions are called
a. roles.
b. stauses.
c. ascribed statuses.
d. achieved statuses.

1 points

QUESTION 14
A social position taken on voluntarily or acquired through effort is called a(n)
a. role
b. status
c. ascribed status
d. achieved status

1 points

QUESTION 15
The American Medical Association, General Motors, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are examples of
a. groups
b. organizations
c. institutions
d. societies

1 points

QUESTION 16
Family, politics, religion, and health care are all examples of_____ in the United States.
a. groups
b. organizations
c. institutions
d. societies

1 points

QUESTION 17
According to the author, the way we respond to our social world is largely determined by
a. our interpretation of our environment.
b. our genetic make-up at birth.
c. the parenting we received as a child.
d. the shapes of our bodies at birth.

1 points

QUESTION 18
Which sociological perspective focuses on forms of communication between individuals, such as language, gesture, and posture?
a. structural functionalism
b. feminist
c. conflict
d. symbolic interactionism

1 points

QUESTION 19
In his classic study involving obedience to authority, Stanley Milgram found that
a. very few subjects were willing to obey instructions to severely shock learners.
b. less than half of subjects were willing to obey instructions to severely shock learners.
c. the majority of subjects were willing to obey instructions to severely shock learners.
d. only maladjusted subjects were willing to severely shock learners.

1 points

QUESTION 20
Several neighbors meet every Tuesday to discuss problems facing their community, such as trash and abandoned buildings. Eventually they recruit new members, elect officers, and establish committees to address specific problems. This neighborhood group has become a(n)

a. institution.
b. coalition.
c. role.
d. organization.

1 points

QUESTION 21
Reducing crime rates is a (n) ________ function of longer mandatory prison sentences. Creating more jobs for prison guards is a(n)________ function.
a. achieved; ascribed
b. ascribed; achieved
c. manifest; latent
d. latent; manifest

1 points

QUESTION 22
When you enter a fast food restaurant, you are expected to stand in line and wait your turn to order. This is an example of a
a. norm
b. value
c. role
d. dyad

1 points

QUESTION 23
Leonard, a father of two small children, has been unemployed for several months. He is having great difficulty paying his bills and last month was unable to buy his youngest son a birthday present. Sociologists would say that Leonard is experiencing role
a. overload.
b. strain.
c. function
d. conflict

1 points

QUESTION 24
Which term refers to the language, values, ideas, beliefs, norms, and physical objects that give a society its unique character?
a. symbiosis
b. culture
c. populism
d. structural functionalism

1 points

QUESTION 25
Pooja is a senior in college with plans for attending medical school. To keep up her grades, she spends most nights and weekends studying and completing assignments. Brizy, Pooja’s best friend and roommate, recently complained to Pooja: “You don’t have time to hang out. It’s been months since we’ve watched a movie together. We don’t talk like we used to.” Pooja wants to be a good student but that’s keeping her from also being a good friend. She’s frustrated by the fact that the demands of her roles as a student are, at least for now, incompatible with the roles of best friend. Pooja is experiencing
a. role coalition
b. role conflict
c. role strain
d. role reversal

1 points

QUESTION 26
To say that reality is “socially constructed” means that
a. we each build our own truth.
b. our sense of reality is, in large part, the production of social interaction.
c. reality can be harmful to society.
d. power plays no part in our beliefs about the world.

1 points

QUESTION 27
Sociology points out that what people believe to be “real” (and what they believe is not real) is

a. something that should be determined democratically.
b. defined only by “experts.”
c. must be studied in laboratory settings.
d. influenced by culture and social institutions.

1 points

QUESTION 28
When reading a published research study, asking questions such as “What type of research was used?” and “Was the sample representative?” will help the reader
a. understand where other researchers have failed.
b. assess the value of the research.
c. determine the hypothesis.
d. advocate for change.

1 points

QUESTION 29
By acting on the basis of our definitions of reality, we often bring about the conditions we believe exist. This is known as
a. incorrigible propositions
b. the politics of reality
c. a self-fulfilling prophecy
d. the Hawthorne effect

1 points

QUESTION 30
Research that uses nonnumeric information—such as phrases, symbols, and observations—to describe people, actions, or events in social life is ________ research.
a. qualitative
b. quantitative
c. unobtrusive
d. experimental

1 points

QUESTION 31
The tendency for patients to improve because they have been led to believe they are receiving treatment, even though they’re not, is called the _______ effect.
a. placebo
b. nocebo
c. Hawthorne
d. Azande

1 points

QUESTION 32
Which mode of research allows the researcher to directly control all relevant variables?
a. field research
b. experiments
c. surveys
d. unobtrusive research

1 points

QUESTION 33
When we rely only on our individual experiences and perceptions to understand the world, what risk do we take?
a. We might feel compassion for others from different backgrounds.

b. We are likely to think that everyone shares our experiences.
c. We fully understand situations, even when we have no first-hand knowledge of them.

d. We are compelled to explore social constructs at a deeper level.

1 points

QUESTION 34
Which of the following is generally a quantitative research method?
a. survey
b. ethnography
c. content analysis
d. participant observation

1 points

QUESTION 35
This occurs when we practice using other people’s perspectives and expectation to formulate our own behavior.
a. anticipatory socialization
b. roletaking
c. looking glass self
d. generalized other

1 points

QUESTION 36
In what sense was Laud Humphrey’s research on sex in public places (The Tearoom Trade) unethical?
a. he was a deviant
b. he caused his subjects to get arrested
c. he enjoyed his research
d. he didn’t tell his subjects he was studying them

1 points

QUESTION 37
The interstate highway system is an example of this.

a. subculture
b. material culture
c. non-material culture
d. culture

1 points

QUESTION 38
These are informal rules that we follow.
a. sanctions
b. mores
c. folkways
d. norms

1 points

QUESTION 39
Which of the following statements is a definition of mores?
a. a set of norms that dictate how someone should behave when sick
b. patterns of dining etiquette that are widely accepted and expected in a society
c. highly codified and formal norms that result in severe punishment when violated
d. a social response that discourages violations of a social norm

1 points

QUESTION 40
Americans often refer to the United States as the “greatest country on earth,” while Germans tout the superiority of “German engineering.” Both are examples of
a. xenophobia
b. globalization
c. ethnocentrism
d. subculture loyalty

1 points

QUESTION 41
The psychological, social, and cultural aspects of maleness and femaleness are referred to as
a. gender
b. role taking
c. transsexualism
d. sex

1 points

QUESTION 42
When does the gender socialization process begin?
a. the moment a child is born
b. once the child has developed a “self”
c. when a child first attends school
d. when a child begins to use language

1 points

QUESTION 43
Penitentiaries, convents, monasteries, and mental hospitals are examples of
a. primary socialization
b. total institutions
c. cathartic institutions
d. role-dynamics

1 points

QUESTION 44
A characteristic or trait that is deeply discrediting and is seen as an impediment to being morally trustworthy is referred to as
a. a stigma
b. a dramaturgical nodule
c. an aligning action
d. a cooled out identity

1 points

QUESTION 45
The area of social interaction where people work to present a convincing performance and remain in character is known as the

a. back stage
b. orchestra level
c. front stage
d. encore level

1 points

QUESTION 46
In Elijah Anderson’s observational research “Streetwise” he observes young black men engaging in __________ when they adjust their behavior based on what stereotype other people seem them as.
a. social status
b. impression management
c. impression formation
d. cooling the mark

1 points

QUESTION 47
This refers to an attempt to restore order to a situation that has become disordered.

a. stigma
b. dramaturgy
c. aligning action
d. cooling out

1 points

QUESTION 48
According to the article, “Strategies of Emotion Management,” studies suggest that nurses sometime handle stress by
a. ignoring the most high maintenance patients in favor of dealing with less taxing cases.

b. taking out their frustrations on less experienced staff.
c. creating emotional barriers by focusing on tasks rather than specific patients.
d. transitioning from patient care to administrative functions.

1 points

QUESTION 49
A hospital administrator might encourage a nurse to not pursue an administrative position because her/his “strengths” are in patient care. This strategy of “letting someone down easy” is also known as:
a. lying
b. cooling out
c. manipulating
d. decorating the backstage

1 points

QUESTION 50
The article on hospice works found that these individuals had to incorporate dark humor into their ___________ behavior in order to cope with the stress of their job.
a. occupational
b. back stage
c. front stage
d. interdisciplinary

1 points

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