NUR 3289 Miami Dade College Antibiotics and Clostridium Difficile Discussion Instructions: Read the Case Study 11-2: Go to the Hospital and Come Back with

NUR 3289 Miami Dade College Antibiotics and Clostridium Difficile Discussion Instructions:

Read the Case Study 11-2: Go to the Hospital and Come Back with Four More Medications in Chapter 11 of the textbook.
Once you have read the Case Study thoroughly, answer the following questions:
What does the administration of antibiotics have to do with a Clostridium difficile (C. diff infection) infection?
List all the inappropriate medications prescribed for K.L. and describe the reason why they are inappropriate.
What kind of treatment regimen is utilized for a patient with a C. diff infection?
Do any of these treatments regimens raise suspicion as being inappropriate for K.L.?
List the therapy and if contraindicated, give a reason why it is inappropriate.
Your paper should be:
One (1) page or more.
Use factual information from the textbook and/or appropriate articles and websites.
Cite your sources – type references according to the APA Style Guide. Gerontological Nursing:
Competencies for Care
Fourth Edition
Edited by
Kristen L. Mauk, PhD, DNP, RN, CRRN, GCNS-BC, FAAN
Professor of Nursing Colorado Christian University
President
Senior Care Central/International Rehabilitation
Consultants, LLC Ridgway, Colorado
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Names: Mauk, Kristen L., editor.
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Dedication and Acknowledgments
Dedication
To Deanne, Cody, Amelia, Luke, and JJ
my wonderful grandchildren who make it fun to get older
Acknowledgments
Thanks to the parents and grandparents who have been a part of
my life and the lives of my children:
Pete and Kay Gibson
Larry and Gracie Mauk
Phyllis Hays
Pat and Marvin Bell
Your legacies are a great gift to all the people in your lives, and
you have each been influential in shaping mine.
I would also like to thank the excellent staff at Jones & Bartlett
Learning for all their help, especially Emma Huggard and
Amanda Martin.
9
Contents
Preface
Foreword
Contributors
Reviewers
UNIT I Foundations for Gerontological Nursing
(Competencies 1, 8, 9, 19)
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Gerontological
Nursing
Jeanne St. Pierre
Deborah Marks Conley
(Competencies 1, 9, 19)
Landmarks in the Development of Gerontological
Nursing
Attitudes Toward Aging and Older Adults
Definitions
Roles of the Gerontological Nurse
Direct-Care Provider
Teacher
Leader
Advocate
Evidence-Based Clinician
Certification
Gerontology Certification–Entry Level
Advanced Practice Certification
Nurse Practitioner (NP)
10
Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
Scope and Standards of Practice
Core Competencies
Research in Gerontological Nursing
Summary
References
CHAPTER 2 The Aging Population
Cynthia S. Jacelon
(Competencies 1, 8, 19)
Demographics
Centenarians
Genetics and Genomics
Gender and Older Age
Race and Ethnicity and Older Adults
Health Disparities
Mortality and Morbidity
Chronic Diseases
Causes of Death
Healthy Aging
Summary
References
CHAPTER 3 Theories of Aging
Jean Lange
Sheila Grossman
(Competencies 1, 19)
Psychosocial Theories of Aging
Sociological Theories of Aging
11
Psychological Theories of Aging
Biological Theories of Aging
Stochastic Theories
Nonstochastic Theories
Implications for Nursing
Nursing Theories of Aging
Summary
References
CHAPTER 4 Review of the Aging of Physiological
Systems
Janice Heineman
Jennifer Hamrick-King
Beth Scaglione Sewell
(Competencies 9, 19)
The Cardiovascular System
Overview of the Cardiovascular Structure and
Function
Aging Changes in Cardiovascular Structure
Aging Changes in Cardiovascular Function
The Respiratory System
Structure and Function of the Respiratory
System
Aging of the Respiratory System
Age-Related Pathologies of the Respiratory
System
The Gastrointestinal System
Aging in Key Components of the
Gastrointestinal Tract
12
Aging in Accessory Glands and Organs
Gastrointestinal Immunity
The Genitourinary System
Overview of the Genitourinary System
Urinary Structural Changes with Age
Urinary Functional Changes with Age
The Reproductive System
Female Reproductive Aging
Male Reproductive Aging
The Nervous System
Introduction to the Nervous System
The Aging Brain
The Aging Spinal Cord
The Aging Peripheral Nervous System
The Endocrine System
The Thyroid Gland
The Parathyroid Gland
The Pineal Gland
The Adrenal Glands
Reproductive Hormones
The Muscle
Skeletal Muscle: Structure and Function
Aging of the Skeletal Muscle
Resistance Training and Aging Muscle
The Skeletal System
Bone
Aging of the Bone
13
Age-Related Disease and Injury of the Bone
The Sensory System
Touch
Smell
Taste
Vision
Hearing
The Integumentary System
Skin: Structure and Function
The Aging Skin
Aging of Skin Accessory Structures
The Immune System
Innate Immunity
Acquired Immunity
Immunosenescence
The Hematopoietic System
Hematopoiesis
The Blood Cells
Aging of the Hematopoietic System
Anemia and Aging
Genetics and Aging
Summary
References
UNIT II Communication and Assessment
(Competencies 2–6, 13, 15)
CHAPTER 5 Teaching and Communication with
Older Adults and Their Families
14
Dennis Ondrejka
(Competencies 2, 5, 13, 15)
Communication Basics for Older Adults
Building a Framework for Understanding Normal
and Abnormal Aging
Normal Language and Speech
Categories of Normal and Abnormal Barriers to
Communication
Internal Barriers and Interventions
Interventions for Those with Cognitive and
Language Barriers
External Barriers and Interventions
Language for Improving Communication with Older
Adults
Building Trust and Respect
Using the Communication Enhancement Model
Regulatory Communication Goals for Older Adults
Communicating with Families and Significant
Others
Quick Intervention Table
Teaching Older Adults and Their Families
Theory of Adult Learning
Technology for Older Adults’ Lifelong Learning
Summary
References
CHAPTER 6 Comprehensive Assessment of the
Older Adult
15
Lorna Guse
(Competencies 3, 4, 6)
Functional Assessment
Activities of Daily Living
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Advanced Activities of Daily Living
Physical Performance Measures
Physical Assessment
Circulatory Function
Respiratory Function
Gastrointestinal Function
Genitourinary Function
Sexual Function
Neurological Function
Musculoskeletal Function
Sensory Function
Integumentary Function
Endocrine and Metabolic Function
Hematologic and Immune Function
Cognitive Assessment
Psychological Assessment
Quality of Life
Depression
Social Assessment
Spiritual Assessment
Other Assessment: Obesity
Developing an Individualized Plan of Care
Advanced Assessment for Graduate Students
16
Summary
References
UNIT III Health Promotion, Risk Reduction, and
Disease Prevention
(Competencies 3–6, 9, 17, 18)
CHAPTER 7 Promoting Healthy Aging,
Independence, and Quality of Life
David Haber
(Competencies 4, 5, 9, 17, 18)
Medicare Prevention
Health Behavior Change
Exercise
Nutrition
Mediterranean Diet
Dietary Implications for Older Adults
Nutrition Advocacy and Education
Mental Health
Life Review
Depression
Dependency
Quality of Life and Wellness
Model Health Promotion Programs for Older Adults
Healthwise
Chronic Disease Self-Management Program
Project Enhance
Cardiac Wellness
Re-Engagement Instead of Retirement
17
Green House
Summary
References
CHAPTER 8 Identifying and Preventing Common
Risk Factors in the Elderly
Joan M. Nelson
(Competencies 3, 4, 6, 9, 17)
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Definitions
Screening
The Focus of Health Promotion Efforts
Self-Management
Physical Activity
Nutrition
Tobacco Use
Safety
Polypharmacy and Medication Errors
Immunizations
Mental Health Screening
Depression
Dementia
Alcohol Abuse
Elder Abuse and Neglect
Heart and Vascular Disease
Lipids
Hypertension
Aspirin Therapy
Stroke
18
Thyroid Disease
Osteoporosis
Vision and Hearing
Prostate Cancer
Breast Cancer
Colorectal Cancer Screening
Summary
References
UNIT IV Illness and Disease Management
(Competencies 9, 15–18)
CHAPTER 9 Management of Common Illnesses,
Diseases, and Health Conditions
Kristen L. Mauk
Amy Silva-Smith
(Competencies 9, 15, 17, 18)
Cardiovascular Problems
Hypertension
Coronary Heart Disease
Heart Failure
Stroke
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Respiratory Problems
Pneumonia
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Tuberculosis
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
19
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Diverticulitis
Constipation
Cancers
Genitourinary Problems
Urinary Tract Infection
Bladder Cancer
Female Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
Neurological Disorders
Parkinson’s Disease
Dizziness
Seizures
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Joint Replacement
Amputation
Sensory Impairments
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Macular Degeneration
Diabetic Retinopathy
Retinal Detachment
Corneal Ulcer
Chronic Sinusitis
20
Integumentary Problems
Skin Cancers
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
Endocrine/Metabolic Disorders
Diabetes Mellitus
Hypothyroidism
Summary
References
CHAPTER 10 Nursing Management of Dementia
Prudence Twigg
Christine E. Schwartzkopf
(Competencies 9, 15, 16)
Dementia
Risk Factors for Dementia
Medical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and
Dementia
Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease
Pharmacological Intervention for Dementia
Medications That Can Cause or Worsen
Confusion
Delirium
Depression
Caring for the Person with Dementia
Theories of Dementia Care
Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of
Dementia
Pharmacological Treatment for Behavioral and
Psychological Symptoms of Dementia
21
Nonpharmacological Treatment for Dementia
Pain Management and Alzheimer’s Disease
Activity Interventions
Communication Interventions
Interventions for Particular Behaviors
Activities of Daily Living
Settings for Care: Focus on Adult Day Services
Hospice/Palliative Care
Who Can Benefit?
Advance Directives
Legislative Action
Summary
References
UNIT V Management of Geriatric Syndromes
(Competencies 3, 7, 12, 17, 18)
CHAPTER 11 Polypharmacy
Demetra Antimisiaris
Dennis J. Cheek
(Competencies 7, 17)
Significance of the Problem
Morbidity, Mortality, and Costs
An Important Historical Perspective
Guidelines and Medical Literature on
Polypharmacy
Risk Factors
Multiple Medications: The Prescribing
Cascade–Is It the Medication or the Disease?
22
Multiple Prescribers and Iatrogenic Harm
Older Age: Frailty, Chronic Disease, Cognitive
Impairment, and Altered Pharmacokinetics
Warning Signs of Medication Misadventure
Assessment
Diagnosis
Interventions and Strategies for Care
Summary
References
CHAPTER 12 Falls in Older Adults
DeAnne Zwicker
(Competencies 3, 7, 12, 17)
Falls in the Hospital Setting
Consequences of Falls
Fall Risk Factors
Fall Risk Assessment
Post-Fall Assessment
Fall Prevention and Safety Promotion Strategies
Summary
References
CHAPTER 13 Delirium
Susan Saboe Rose
Background
Significance of the Problem
Risk Factors
Warning Signs
Assessment
23
Mental Status Examination
Confusion Assessment Method
Diagnosis
Interventions
Pain
Agitation
Combativeness
Inattentiveness
Wandering and Exit-Seeking
Sleep
When a “Sitter” Is the Wrong Approach
Safety Concerns
Home Management after Discharge
Prognosis
Summary
References
CHAPTER 14 Anxiety and Depression in the
Older Adult
Lisa Byrd
Cynthia Luther
(Competencies 7, 17)
Behavioral Changes Associated with Aging
Anxiety
Understanding Anxiety
Common Causes of Anxiety
Anxiety Assessment
Types of Anxiety and Symptoms of Anxiety
Differential Diagnoses for Anxiety
24
Anxiety and Dementia
Managing Anxiety
Depression
Prevalence of Depression in the Aging
Population
Types of Depression and Presentation
Manifestations of Depression
Relationship of Depression to Chronic Disease
Diagnosing Depression
Differential Diagnoses for Depression
Depression and Dementia
Managing Depression
Nursing Interventions
Suicide
Summary
References
CHAPTER 15 Urinary Incontinence
B. Renee Dugger
(Competencies 7, 17)
Prevalence
Implications of Urinary Incontinence
Physical, Psychological, and Social Implications
Economic Implications
Assessment of Urinary Incontinence
Data Gathering
Physical Assessment
Interventions and Care Strategies
25
Summary
References
CHAPTER 16 Sleep Disorders
Carol Enderlin
Melodee Harris
Karen M. Rose
Lisa Hutchison
Ellyn E. Matthews
(Competencies 7, 17, 18)
Sleep and Quality of Life
Sleep Regulation
Sleep Architecture
Sleep and the Aging Process
Assessment of Sleep
Physical Assessment
Common Sources of Geriatric Sleep Disturbance
Common Sleep Disorders
Geropsychiatric Disorders and Sleep
Sleep Management
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
(CAM)
Summary
References
CHAPTER 17 Dysphagia and Malnutrition
Neva L. Crogan
(Competency 7)
Dysphagia
Prevalence
26
Implications of Dysphagia
Warning Signs and Risk Factors for Dysphagia
Assessment
Bedside Poststroke Swallowing Tests
The Nurses Role in Screening for Dysphagia
Interventions and Strategies for Care
Malnutrition
Prevalence
Micronutrient Deficiency
Implications
Factors Influencing Nutritional Risk
Assessment
Evidence-Based Strategies to Improve Nutrition
The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for
Americans
Summary
References
CHAPTER 18 Pressure Ulcers
Sandra Higelin
(Competencies 7, 17)
Etiology
Implications, Prevalence, and Incidents of Pressure
Ulcers
Pressure Ulcer Prevalence in Healthcare
Settings
Pressure Ulcer Prevention
Assessment
27
Interventions for the Prevention of Pressure
Ulcers
The Challenges of Pressure Ulcer Prevention
Pressure Ulcer Prevention Performance
Improvement
Pressure Ulcer Management
Classification of Pressure Ulcers
Assessment and Monitoring
Treatment Modalities
Critical Factors
Special Populations
Emerging Therapies for Pressure Ulcer
Prevention and Management
Summary
References
UNIT VI Leadership and Responsibility
(Competencies 1, 11–13)
CHAPTER 19 The Gerontological Nurse as
Manager and Leader within the
Interprofessional Team
Brenda Tyczkowski
Kristen L. Mauk
Deborah Dunn
Dawna S. Fish
(Competencies 1, 11, 13)
The Nurse Manager
The Leader Within: Creating the Leader in
Yourself
28
The Art of Leadership: Leading the People
The Interdisciplinary Team
The Science of Leadership: Managing the
Business
The Nurse Leader
Leader
Performance Improvement Catalyst
Interpersonal Relations Facilitator
Human Resources Developer
Resource and Financial Manager
Standards and Compliance Expert Resource
Customer Service Advocate
Leadership Qualities and Theories
Qualities of Effective Leaders
Transactional Leadership
Behavior Theory
21st Century Leadership
Transformational or Charismatic Leadership
Servant Leadership
Complexity Leadership
Effective Communication
Nursing Leadership Roles in Caring for Older
Adults
Professional Associations
Summary
References
29
CHAPTER 20 Ethical and Legal Principles and
Issues
Janice Edelstein
Carolyn A. Laabs
(Competencies 1, 11, 12, 13)
Conflict and Dilemma
Moral Principles and the Nurse–Patient Relationship
Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Advocacy, Confidentiality, Fidelity, and
Veracity
Justice and Autonomy
Informed Consent
Quality and Sanctity of Life
Patient Rights
Advance Directives and Living Wills
Durable Power of Attorney
Competence
Guardianship
Assisted Suicide
Ethics in Practice
Medical Errors
Conflict of Interest
Summary
References
UNIT VII Information and Health Care
Technologies
(Competencies 5, 18)
30
CHAPTER 21 Technology and Care of Older
Adults
Linda L. Pierce
Victoria Steiner
(Competencies 5, 18)
Introduction to Assistive Technology
Assistive Device Use
Evaluating the Use of Assistive Technology
Common Applications of Assistive Technology
Position and Mobility
Environmental Access and Control
Self-Care
Sensory Impairment
Cognitive Impairment
Social Interaction and Recreation
Computer-Based Assistive Technology
The Internet and the World Wide Web
Nursing Informatics
Using the Web
New Technol…
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