North American Indians Mid-Term

QUESTION 1

Lakota peoples of the Great Plains are notably:

		nomadic and followed the buffalo herds
		Sedentary farmers, raising corn, northern beans, and potatoes
		peaceful people who tried to live in harmony with neighboring tribes and the environment
		religious and employed a variety of psychoactive plants during religious ceremonies

QUESTION 2

Tribal peoples of the Great Plains experienced greater ease at hunting and warfare after the introduction of:

		Hotchkiss guns
		smokeless gunpowder
		horses
		Intertribal powwows
		all of the above

QUESTION 3

The Apaches and Navajos (Dine’) of the southwestern region of North America speak a language similar to their relatives of northern California and western Canada called:

		Yuman
		Uto-Aztecan
		Tanoan
		Athabaskan
		Algonkian

QUESTION 4

The Navajo lived in six or eight-sided domed earth dwellings called:

		wickiups
		kivas
		hogans
		roadhouses
		sweat lodge

QUESTION 5

Pueblo Indians, such as the Zuni and Hopi tribes, are descendants of the ancient people known as the:

		Anasazi
		Ashkenazi
		Athabaskan
		Aztecanotewa
		Atlantean

2 points   

QUESTION 6

1. Kachinas, or spirits of nature, were believed to:

		Assist in the growth of crops and send rain
		Help defend the Navajo against all foreign invaders
		Provide medical assistance to the Hopi when doctors were not available
		Combat evil spirits such as Skin-walkers or Diablitos
		All of the above

2 points   

QUESTION 7

1. The preferred dwellings among the Lakota Sioux were:

		wickiups
		adobe pueblos
		pit houses
		teepees
		buffalo huts

2 points   

QUESTION 8

1. Native Americans   benefited by contact with colonial “civilizers” in the following ways:

		introduced horses
		increased trade in furs, food, and natural resources
		introduction of advanced weaponry, guns revolutionized the hunting
		introduced new, more productive farming methods
		all of the above

2 points   

QUESTION 9

1. Shoshone Indians of the great basin:

		preferred to gamble rather than hunt game animals
		valued female dominance in marital arrangements
		selected tribal chief from among the best gamblers and hunters
		valued tribal chiefs, midwives, traders, and shaman
		none of the above

QUESTION 10

1. Mohawk people of the Iroquois Confederacy:

		lived in longhouses made of log posts and poles covered with Elm bark
		hunted deer, buffalo, elk, and antelope, in addition to being expert fishermen
		are referred to as “Keepers of the Eastern Door”
		a and c above
		all of the above

QUESTION 11

1. How did lasting European colonies destroy the power of the Iroquois?

		due to  massive number of deaths resulting from battles or smallpox epidemics
		because of the French and Indian War
		because of the American Revolution and tribes choosing sides in the war
		all of the above
		a and b above

2 points   

QUESTION 12

1. How did colonization aid in the formation of new social relations between the Spanish and the Pueblos

		the introduction of Spanish horses
		a shift from subsistence-based economy to a mercantile economy
		interaction and exchange between the Southwest Pueblos and Southern Plains persisted
		all of the above
		none of the above

2 points   

QUESTION 13

1. Property was inherited Matrilineally, and elder women controlled and directed political affairs among:

		Shoshone
		Lakota Sioux
		Mohawk
		Comanche
		Cheyenne

2 points   

QUESTION 14

1. After numerous failed expeditions and the realization that the “Seven Cities of Gold” was an unattainable aspect, the Spanish:

		abandoned all attempts to conquer the Pueblos.
		began forcibly converting the Natives to Christianity.
		built missions, schools, and hospitals for the Tewa people.
		kidnapped Native children and sent them back to Spain to become the servants of the wealthy.
		began impressing young Native men into the Spanish Navy.

2 points   

QUESTION 15

1. The Wichita were master horsemen and raiders, and:

		they sold stolen horses to the U.S. Army.
		helped the Comanche’s loot other tribes.
		helped the Lakota defeat the Comanche in the Great Plains War.
		they taught guerilla warfare tactics to their young.
		they traded horses for Spanish women from among the Conquistadors.

2 points   

QUESTION 16

1. Spanish occupation forces often physically punished Pueblo people for:

		practicing their traditional Pueblo ceremonies
		failing to attend Catholic sermons at the Mission
		noncompliance with Spanish demands for gold and other resources
		all of the above
		a and b above

2 points   

QUESTION 17

1. On August 10, 1680, a well-orchestrated rebellion, led by a Tewa religious leader named Pope, was initiated.  As a result of the rebellion:

		churches were razed and preachers were killed
		approximately 400 out of the 2,500 Spanish settlers were killed
		Spanish forces suppressed the rebellion and killed or imprisoned hundreds of Natives
		all of the above
		a and b above

2 points   

QUESTION 18

1. Navajo religion and social systems were based upon:

		the concept of beauty.
		a primitive form of free trade.
		a belief in reincarnation and animal sacrifice.
		a belief in ritual Peyotism and polygamy.
		none of the above.

2 points   

QUESTION 19

1. The Navajos had a mixed economy consisting of:

		fishing, farming, and mining.
		farming, foraging, and herding.
		hunting, raiding, and foraging.
		hunting, fishing, and logging.
		farming, weaving, and painting.

2 points   

QUESTION 20

1. Which of the following statements about the Apache Indians are true?

		Apaches believed that gods created the earth, and their ceremonies consisted of dancing and singing.
		Some Apaches combined farming with foraging activities, while some were primarily foragers.
		Apache farming was done through the use of small groups with no gender preferences.
		a. and c. above
		All of the above

2 points   

QUESTION 21

1. The Navajos believed that the world was watched over by:

		Curanderos and Skin Walkers
		ghosts of deceased loved ones
		a number of Holy People who existed as forces
		Wakantanka  and Tunkasila mitaoyate
		two of the most important wuya (kachinas); Muyingwa and Nataska of the sky people

QUESTION 22

1. The Mi’kmaq had bilateral kinship ties and bonds that were created by marriage or friendship made up the settlement groups.

		They lived in rounded homes.
		They believed everyone deserved respect and they were typically peaceful people.
		They believed that we, humans, were created by a powerful spirit.
		all of the above
		none of the above

2 points   

QUESTION 23

1. One of the most important material objects in the social and ceremonial life of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) were the:

		wampum belts
		calumet peace pipe
		ceramic trumpet-bowl smoking pipe
		effigy ball headed club
		false face masks

2 points   

QUESTION 24

1. The Mohawks relied on horticulture and foraging for their food. The men hunted and fished while the women cooked and cleaned their home, but instead of patrilineal clans, they were divided into 3 which were:

		the Bear, the Eagle, Mountain Lion.
		the Owl, the Coyote, and the Deer.
		the Bear, the Turtle, and the Wolf.
		the Buffalo, the Bear, and the Badger.
		The Eagle, the Seagull, and the Otter.

2 points   

QUESTION 25

1. While many Plains Indians hunted a variety of animals, the __________ was the most prized due to the amount of meat and by-product that the Indians could use for housing and tools.

		Elk
		Grizzly Bear
		Bison
		Wooly Mammoth
		none of the above

2 points   

QUESTION 26

1. Hopi spirituality is very complex and ceremonial life involves belief in the absolute interdependent relationship:

		between angels and demons
		between the upper and lower worlds
		between human beings and kachinas
		between material and immaterial dimensions
		between inner and outer dimensions

2 points   

QUESTION 27

1. Hopi are “peaceful people” as their tribal name implies;

		live in harmony with nature.
		live under the concept of “Beauty.”
		resist the temptation to do evil.
		avoid warfare and cherish peace.
		despise materialism and practice sexual abstinence.

2 points   

QUESTION 28

1. The Lakota have no word for religion, they practice:

		meditation within their kivas.
		Shamanism and buffalo worship.
		spirituality with the use of peyote.
		a primitive form of spiritual dualism.
		spirituality where all is sacred.

2 points   

QUESTION 29

1. The most defining difference might be that tribal peoples have no sense of ownership at all and yet they are custodians of everything, while civilized capitalists refuse to adapt to the natural environment and lay claim to all by the belief in:

		democratic socialism
		Darwinism
		Private property
		Liberty
		dialectical materialism

2 points   

QUESTION 30

1. Native Americans benefited by contact with colonial “civilizers” in all of the following ways, except:

		the introduction of horse
		increased trade in furs, food, and natural resources
		introduction of advanced weaponry such as guns and rockets
		Introduction of new, more productive farming methods
		all of the above

2 points   

QUESTION 31

1. The social organization of the Shoshone of the Great Basin is best understood through the analysis of marriage and family patterns.  What are some of those patterns and how do they fit within the cultural framework of this group?

		lived in wickiups, lean-to shelters, caves and rock-shelters
		valued tribal chieftains, midwives, traders, and shamanism
		male dominance in leadership and marriage arrangements
		Northern Shoshone lived in tepees made of animal hides
		all of the above

QUESTION 32

1. The Quapaw Indians spoke the Siouan language and lived in:

		northern Colorado
		with the Osage in northeastern Oklahoma
		the eastern half of Arkansas
		west Texas and eastern New Mexico
		east Kansas and northwestern Missouri

2 points   

QUESTION 33

1. For their food, the Mohawks relied on:

		trade with their Mi’kmaq neighbors
		hunting large animals such as bear and buffalo
		hunting and fishing exclusively
		horticulture and foraging
		all of the above

2 points   

QUESTION 34

1. The Mi’kmaqs are an Algonkian-speaking people indigenous to territory in eastern Canada, more specifically:

		Nova Scotia
		New Brunswick
		Prince Edward Island
		all of the above
		none of the above

2 points   

QUESTION 35

1. Although the aboriginal Mi’kmaqs were considered largely a maritime culture, the dominant economy was based on:

		Whale hunting
		fishing for salmon
		hunting deer, elk, and bear
		foraging
		trapping lobsters and crab

2 points   

QUESTION 36

1. European colonization benefitted Pueblo culture in all but which of the following ways?

		Increased mutual trade in both agricultural products and other commodities
		the introduction of Spanish horses
		a shift from subsistence-based economy to a mercantile economy
		expanded territorial warfare between the Pueblos and Southern Plains Indians
		all of the above

2 points   

QUESTION 37

1. Three tribes who inhabited Arkansas prior to European contact were the:

		Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee
		Osage, Cheyenne, and Muskogee Creek
		Caddo, Apache, and Kickapoo
		Osage, Caddo, and Quapaw
		Quapaw, Choctaw, and Chickasaw

2 points   

QUESTION 38

1. Among tribes who practiced sedentary agriculture, such as those of the Puebloan culture, the term “three sisters” refers to:

		cactus, mushrooms, and marijuana
		cumin, habanero, and avocado
		corn, chilies, and tobacco
		beans, squash, and tobacco
		corn, beans, and squash

2 points   

QUESTION 39

1. The Northern Shoshone, Eastern Shoshone, and Western Shoshone are aboriginal inhabitants of the:

		Southwest
		Great Plains
		Great Basin
		Mississippi Valley
		Plateau

2 points   

QUESTION 40

1. The Lakota were fierce warriors and didn’t want or allow Euro-Americans on their lands.  However, the Lakota were eventually confined onto reservations, were prevented from hunting buffalo, and forced to:

		Intermarry with white women who were born out of wedlock
		wear U.S. Army surplus uniforms
		do the work of former slaves
		accept government food distribution
		become Christians and attend church services

2 points   

QUESTION 41

1. The state of Arkansas is actually named after the Quapaw which literally means:

		land of the hog people
		land where the snakes gather
		land of down-river people
		land of many travelers
		land of the old mountains

2 points   

QUESTION 42

1. Osage leaders performed civil and religious functions and they were called:

		Little old men
		Warrior shamans
		He who has wisdom
		Big chieftain
		Sacred protector of the people

2 points   

QUESTION 43

1. The Lakota religion is concerned with a spiritual essence or force than pervades all beings and all nature, called:

		Heyoka
		White Buffalo Calf Woman
		wakan tanka
		hoka hey
		Wahpeton Mdewakantan

2 points   

QUESTION 44

1. The Hopi people live in Northeastern Arizona and are completely surrounded by the Navajo Reservation, and they dwell in:

		houses of wattle and daub construction
		carved out cliff dwellings
		octagonal hogans
		adobe houses
		wickiups and tepees

2 points   

QUESTION 45

1. Many Eastern North American tribes carried tobacco in pouches and used it socially and ceremonially as well as:

		a substitute for marijuana
		a valuable trade item
		an important food additive
		all of the above
		a. and c. above

2 points   

QUESTION 46

1. While they shared a language, the Comanches had no single consolidated nation or a single leader and were made up of many independent tribes and relied on:

		Astronomical alignments and signs in the heavens for decision making.
		tribal shamans to make decisions.
		a counsel to make tribal decisions.
		the eldest tribal chief to make all decisions.
		the elder women’s circle to make tribal decisions.

2 points   

QUESTION 47

1. The Comanches traded in horses, mules, and slaves in exchange for goods such as metal ware and in return:

		the Wichitas exported Comanche goods.
		the Wichita served as middlemen between the Comanche and Louisiana traders.
		Wichita trading connected the Comanche to the flow of French goods for the tribes.
		all of the above
		none of the above

2 points   

QUESTION 48

1. Primarily, the “Five Civilized Tribes” (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Seminole, and Creek) were rounded up and forcibly removed along what came to be known as the:

		Long Walk
		Trail of Broken Treaties
		Indian Reign of Terror
		Trail of Tears
		Five Civilized Tribes Westward Migration

QUESTION 49

1. Several southeastern tribes owned slaves who later became legitimate tribal members by treaty after the U.S. Civil War, in 1866.  These former slaves became known as:

		Freedmen
		African Indians
		The Black Whiteman
		Mulattos
		none of the above

QUESTION 50

1. The Five Civilized Tribes are all Muskogean-speaking tribes except for the Cherokee who are:

		Siouan-speaking
		Caddoan-speaking
		Algonkian-speaking
		Athabaskan-speaking
		Iroquoian-speaking