Mind Map Assignment | Online Homework Help

ONLY NEED TASK 6 COMPLETED – MIND MAP – the rest of the assignment is finished

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

 

Compare/contrast different potential presentations of the condition

 

	Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)	Endometriosis
Characteristics	–          Presents in 12-21% of women in reproductive age –          Many cases of PCOS remain undiagnosed –          Up to 70% of young women may have polycystic ovaries on ultrasound –          Partially formed follicles on the ovaries   (Practitioners, 2020)	–          Common –          Occurs in one in ten women –          Chronic condition –          Dependent on oestrogen –          Endometrial glads and stroma are found on the outside of the uterus   (16 Endometriosis Symptoms (Pain), Signs, Diet & Surgery Treatments, 2020)
Signs and Symptoms	–          Sleep apnoea –          Scalp hair loss (Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), 2020) –          Hirsutism (abnormal growth of hair on face or body) –          Acne –          Absent or irregular menstrual cycles –          Subfertility (delay in conceiving) –          Infertility (inability to conceive) Psychological symptoms: –          Anxiety –          Depression –          Psychosexual dysfunction –          Eating disorders Metabolic features: –          Obesity –          Diabetes –          Dyslipidaemia (abnormally elevated cholesterol in the blood)   (Practitioners, 2020)	–          Pain (especially while on period; as well as during sexual intercourse. Pelvic region mostly) –          Bowel and bladder symptoms –          Tiredness –          Premenstrual tension –          Subfertility –          Infertility   (16 Endometriosis Symptoms (Pain), Signs, Diet & Surgery Treatments, 2020)
Cause	–          While the exact cause is unknown, PCOS is when female ovaries are prevented from making eggs due to high levels of male hormones in their system. –          Genetic (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment, 2020)	–          Unknown –          Unusual location deposit of endometrial tissue (16 Endometriosis Symptoms (Pain), Signs, Diet & Surgery Treatments, 2020)
Risk Factors	–          Irregular menstrual cycle –          Family history of diabetes –          Family history of infertility –          Lack of physical activity   (Shan, Cai, Yang and Li, 2015)	–          Family history of endometriosis –          Short menstrual cycle –          During menses, experiences heavy bleeding –          Delay in conceiving –          Defective fallopian tubes or uterus (What are the risk factors for endometriosis?, 2020)
Diagnostics	–          To qualify, two of the three 3 criteria met 1.      Oligo/anovulation 2.      Hyperandrogenism 3.      Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound –          Thorough history and examination –          Physical exam (pelvic exam can detect any problems with ovaries and/or reproductive tract –          Ultrasound (detects follicle count and growths in ovaries or uterus.   (Practitioners, 2020)	–          Pelvic exam –          Ultrasound –          MRI –          Laprascopy (Endometriosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic, 2020)
Treatment/ Management	–          Weight reduction (balanced diet can help reestablish hormone production, in turn can improve fertility and regulation of periods.) –          Physical activity Medical treatments: –          Oral contraceptive pill –          Spironolactone (Block hormones like testosterone) –          Clomind (egg production and ovulating) –          Psychological counseling   (Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), 2020)   –          Smoking cessation –          Cosmetic therapy   (Practitioners, 2020)	–          Pelvic ultra sound –          Laparoscopy with biopsy –          Analgesic medication –          Hormonal medication (COCP, Mirena, progestogens, implant IUD, gondatropin releasing hormone –          Surgery (laprascopy of endometriosis)

What follow up would you recommend for this particular clinical presentation?

It would be my role as her chiropractor to:

• Inform the patient that she may be showing symptoms of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (based on the history taken, conversation, observation and exam findings)
• Encourage her to see her GP to organize an Ultrasound to confirm diagnosis
• Liaise with her GP (sharing and discussing further details)
• Psychologist (If stress, anxiety and depression levels elevate
• Encourage weight loss through a balanced diet and increase in physical activity
• Even a 5% (small amount) weight loss can help regularity of menstrual cycle; reduce the risk of diabetes and aid in mental health.
• Refer to dietician for dietary advice
• Refer to exercise physiologist for an exercise program (150 minute weekly routine)

Be able to interpret relevant test results

• Thorough history and physical examination: The initial step taken by myself as her chiropractor and also by her GP.
• Ultrasonography: The most important tool for diagnosis. Transvaginal ultrasound for visualization of ovaries and follicle count/cysts.

 

 

 

 

Treatment/ management options

 

• GP
• Ultrasound
• Medication
• Endocrinologist
• Gynecologist
• Dietitian
• Exercise physiologist/physiotherapist
• Psychologist

(Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), 2020)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Friday, 15th May 2020

 

Dear Dr G. Hunter

 

Re:         Mrs Fitzgerald

(DOB: 05/04/1992)

 

My name is Hana Al-Hawli, fifth and final year chiropractic student. I am writing to you with my concerns following a consult I had with Mrs Fitzgerald at the RMIT student Health clinic on Friday 15th May 2020. Mrs Fitzgerald is a 27-year-old woman who is a long-term patient of mine.

 

I am referring Mrs Fitzgerald for evaluation and consideration of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).

 

Upon todays consult, she mentioned that she feels her acne is getting worse and that while she has been getting laser hair removal for her face she is still noticing an increase of hair to her chin and face. Aside from this we have been getting Mrs Fitzgerald to work on her weight as her and her husband have been trying to conceive for about 6 months now.

 

On presentation, Mrs Fitzgerald seemed abnormally anxious, she has also been experiencing family stress while grieving for her late father. Her mother has previously been diagnosed with depression and has a history of Type 2 diabetes.

 

Based on my examination, Mrs Fitzgerald’s BMI level is 29, putting her in the over weight range.

 

Overall, I have ascertained Mrs Fitzgerald spinal discomfort to be a physical manifestation of the stress she is experiencing as her neck and back were both extremely hypertonic compared to her visit 2/52 ago.

 

I would like your opinion and if you deem necessary to refer her for a pelvic ultrasound.

 

Mrs Fitzgerald and I have discussed her options moving forward and explored her different forms of support. I also recommended she follow up with you for further assistance. Mrs Fitzgerald is aware of this correspondence and welcomed your involvement.

 

I would appreciate your help in monitoring Mrs Fitzgerald during this time so that we are able commonage her and give her the appropriate treatment and provide her with the appropriate support.

 

Should you have any further questions please don’t hesitate to contact the clinic.

 

Warmest regards,

 

Hana Al-Hawli

 

 

 

Mind map

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Patient education/information/brochure 

 

 

 

 

 

References

 

Medicine Net. 2020. 16 Endometriosis Symptoms (Pain), Signs, Diet & Surgery Treatments. [Online] Available at: <https://www.medicinenet.com/endometriosis/article.htm> [Accessed 15 May 2020].

 

Mayoclinic.org. 2020. Endometriosis – Diagnosis And Treatment – Mayo Clinic. [Online] Available at: <https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/endometriosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354661> [Accessed 15 May 2020].

 

Betterhealth.vic.gov.au. 2020. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). [Online] Available at: <https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/polycystic-ovarian-syndrome-pcos> [Accessed 15 May 2020].

 

Health line. 2020. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes, And Treatment. [Online] Available at: <https://www.healthline.com/health/polycystic-ovary-disease#causes> [Accessed 15 May 2020].

 

Practitioners, T., 2020. RACGP – Polycystic Ovary Syndrome – An Update. [Online] Racgp.org.au. Available at: <https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2012/october/polycystic-ovary-syndrome> [Accessed 15 May 2020].

 

Racgp.org.au. 2020. RACGP – Search. [Online] Available at: <https://www.racgp.org.au/search?q=endometriosis> [Accessed 15 May 2020].

 

Shan, B., Cai, J., Yang, S. and Li, Z., 2015. Risk factors of polycystic ovarian syndrome among Li People. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 8(7), pp.590-593.

 

Medscape.com. 2020. What Are The Risk Factors For Endometriosis?. [online] Available at: <https://www.medscape.com/answers/271899-6211/what-are-the-risk-factors-for-endometriosis> [Accessed 15 May 2020].

MEDS 2148

Clinical Conditions Across the Lifespan

Portfolio Guidelines Workbook

 

Dear Students,

 

Welcome to Clinical Conditions across the Lifespan. In this subject we hope you will gain a comprehensive understanding of some of the most common clinical presentations in the community that you may see in clinic, or that you may receive questions about from your future patients.

 

In order to inform your knowledge of these conditions, your assessment tasks will manifest in creating a portfolio of information, due at time intervals of every three weeks after you have attended your tutorials and lectures to help inform the way you develop your own individual portfolio.

 

Within the portfolio, for each block of lectures and tutorials you will be expected to complete a number of tasks related to the conditions, which have been discussed and explored in class. You are expected to explore your understanding of the condition with reference to appropriate information for the tasks which may include gathering your information from UpToDate, journal articles, text books etc

 

Your Tasks List:

1. Compare/contrast different potential presentations of the condition.
2. What follow up would you recommend for this particular clinical presentation
3. Be able to interpret relevant test results
4. Treatment/ management options
5. Referral letter ISBAR
6. Mind map
7. Patient education/information tool/brochure

Your work will be assessed against the CLO’s and your assessment rubric

CLO’s being assessed:

1. Demonstrate evidence-based clinical understanding of the patient presentation and assessment of the patient condition
2. Identify and demonstrate understanding of the growth and development process across the lifespan
3. Discuss physiological and psychosocial milestones to be met by the human across the lifespan
4. Review the range of age related clinical conditions that commonly present in healthcare practice and appropriate age-related responses to treatment
5. Contextualise plans of care, considering appropriate age related responses, concurrent therapeutic and adjunctive therapies and modification of treatment regimes

 

We hope you will find these tasks a helpful, enjoyable and creative way of consolidating your understanding of clinical conditions as well as developing your skills in clinical referral, patient management and patient education.

 

 

Compare and Contrast Tasks

 

In one of these exercises, you will be asked to compare and contrast particular conditions that have been discussed in the tutorials and lectures. We can provide guidance on tutorial days or suggest occasions where you may choose between a selection of conditions provided by your tutors and lecturers to complete this task.

 

There are several ways you may wish to demonstrate your understanding of comparison between two conditions. Some simple examples of ways you may choose to do this are provided below. For any of the tasks in your portfolio please keep in mind the learning outcomes and your assessment rubric when you are creating your work.

 

A Simple Table

Features	Apples	Oranges
Skin	Smooth	Textured
Colour	Red	Orange
Flesh Texture	Crunchy, non flexible	Soft flexible

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/JAHA.119.011991

 

 

Picture maps you may create

 

 

 

 

 

 

Follow up recommendation tasks

 

This particular task is focused on your ability to contextualize a care plan for a patient given a particular presenting condition.

 

You may choose to use a simple dot point list for your plan of recommendations to the patient. An example is included below:

 

Patient Presentation:

Low Back Pain following a fall

 images from medium.com

 

Follow up Recommendation:

1. X-ray to exclude fracture
2. Local Falls prevention program referral
3. Low back rehabilitation program
4. Return clinical review to monitor patient progress with low back rehab and progression of stretching or yoga program

 

Other follow up recommendations may not be for something simply musculoskeletal or mechanical. It may be a blood test or a referral to another medical specialist

 

Remember to think broadly, and appropriately, in demonstrating your understanding the clinical application of medical management of the conditions you are presented with.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interpreting relevant test results

In the clinical cases you are presented with, you will be expected to be able to interpret the meaning of diagnostic test results. Patients will often present you with a collection of blood test results that were ordered for them by another specialist or their GP and even though you may not be expecting to provide advice in relation to the results, you will be expected to be able to show your understanding of what the test results mean clinically as part of your learning in this subject

 

You may be presented with a table like this one:

 

 

Or with a collection of results that provide normal values for you to compare against from a serology collection in the case example

http://imj.ie/iron-refractory-iron-deficiency-anaemia-a-rare-cause-of-iron-deficiency-anaemia/

 

 

 

 

Treatment and Management Options

In this task you will be expected to demonstrate your understanding of the patient presentation and clinical condition by identifying treatment and management options appropriate, and clinically relevant to the case.

 

You will need to identify common practices and expectations of the treatment of the presenting conditions and be able to provide management options in the same way that you should learn to do in the clinical setting. Your treatment and management suggestions should take into account the patient demographic and expected outcomes, which you should discover through your reading, lectures, tutorials and relevant task research.

 

An example may be:

Fracture of the hip

 

* Please note this is only an example of how you may wish to set up your response to a treatment and management option task

Outcome	Operative	Non Operative
Mobility
Ability to undertake ADL’s
Risk to overall health

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Referral Letter

In this task you are expected to write a referral letter for a case presentation you have been through in the lectures, tutorials, or you also have the opportunity to utilize a case you have seen in the student clinic.

 

You are expected to use the ISBAR concept to help guide your writing.

To ensure that you understand more o n the history of the ISBAR communication tool process please read here: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/sites/default/files/migrated/ISBAR-toolkit.pdf

and here  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/clinical+resources/clinical+topics/communicating+for+safety/isbar+-+identify+situation+background+assessment+and+recommendation

 

The ISBAR communication tool was developed in the military  for strategic management of situations and adapted for use in the clinical healthcare setting for the provision of safe transfer, handover and management of patients. Remember that writing a referral letter is a different process than providing a clinical handover in an emergency situation in hospital or if your battleship is under attack! Your referral letter should contain critical information and be succinct. If you are referring to a medical professional or specialist, they need to know the facts in  less than one A4 page. Please keep your referral letter succinct, factual and absolutely limited to one single A4 page.

 

Most importantly, in particular reference to the R in the ISBAR tool, remember that your communication should be considered a humble request for collaboration and assistance rather than you as a practitioner recommending what should be done for the patient in terms of tests, imaging and so on. The specialist to whom you refer will make the decision with the patient on further management, testing and investigation, rather than you. It may be considered quite offensive for you to tell a specialist what to do with their patient, whom you are asking for their help with.  Please remember, ISBAR is an adaptable communication tool that you can use to help you ensure you cover all your main points in your letter, it is not a concrete item for you to tell other practitioners what to do in their work in your particular role.

 

 

Referral Letter Example – Please use RMIT letter head for your own work

 

This referral letter is from a business templates website https://www.allbusinesstemplates.com/template/ZQCLJ/medical-referral-letter/

 

The important information is included: Patient identifiers, and your own clinic identifiers, the clinical situation, the clinical background of the patient in brief including medical history, your assessment and a suggestion of how you feel the other professional may be able to help you with your patients’ care. You will be expected to include any relevant test and/or examination results and vital signs

Mind Maps

A mind map is a way of helping you understand more about a particular condition, and is a way of visually understanding ideas and concepts to help you with your recall of information.

 

 

 

Drawing a mind map is as simple as 1-2-3:

https://litemind.com/what-is-mind-mapping/

• Start in the middle of a blank page, writing or drawing the idea you intend to develop. I would suggest that you use the page in landscape orientation.
• Develop the related subtopics around this central topic, connecting each of them to the center with a line.
• Repeat the same process for the subtopics, generating lower-level subtopics as you see fit, connecting each of those to the corresponding subtopic.

 

You don’t have to just use words! You can use whatever helps YOU remember and understand information. No mind map will be the same as another student as demonstrating your understanding through the map will be unique to your thinking and comprehension processes.

 

Use    COLOUR

 

Patient Brochure

In this task you are expected to create an information brochure for your patient on a presenting clinical condition. The aim of the brochure is to help inform your patients understanding of their clinical condition. You may find that you will use these brochures in your future clinical practice. There are several ways you may wish to tackle this task.

For example:

• A folding brochure
• An infographic
• A one page information sheet

https://www.who.int/mental_health/neurology/dementia/infographic_dementia/en/

 

Or an example of a PDF brochure from the Australian Heart Foundation can be viewed here https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/images/uploads/publications/Heart_Foundation_High_blood_pressure_WEB-2016.PDF

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Or these from the American Heart Foundation www.heart.org

 

Please remember that your work should be original and will be checked for plagiarism.

 

We are looking forward to seeing your work, helping you understand clinical condition presentations across the lifespan, and your role in the care of your patients in this context.

 

Remember to refer to your CLOs and your assessment rubric when creating your portfolio as this is what you will be marked against.

 

Kind Regards

 

The Teaching Team