ENC 1102 Broward College Aviation Safety and Why Is Important Essay Write an argument research essay (of at least 1500 words) about the working thesis that

ENC 1102 Broward College Aviation Safety and Why Is Important Essay Write an argument research essay (of at least 1500 words) about the working thesis that you have been working on throughout the previous writing assignments.Your thesis should be supported with at least three claims.The essay should also address the opposite viewpoint.Make use of at least three sources located via research but no more than six. These sources must be current. All source material used throughout essay must be properly integrated and cited in-text per MLA guidelines. A corresponding Works Cited page must be submitted with the final draft. Argument Paper, MLA Style (Jacobs)
Jacobs 1
Sam Jacobs
Professor Alperini
English 101
5 November XXXX
From Lecture to Conversation:
Redefining What ’s “Fit to Print”
“All the news that ’s fit to print,” the motto of the New York
Times since 1896, plays with the word fit, asserting that a news
story must be newsworthy and must not exceed the limits of the
printed page. The increase in online news consumption, however,
challenges both meanings of the word fit, allowing producers and
consumers alike to rethink who decides which topics are worth
Jacobs provides
background in
opening sentences
for his thesis.
covering and how extensive that coverage should be. Any cultural
shift usually means that something is lost, but in this case there
are clear gains. The shift from print to online news provides
unprecedented opportunities for readers to become more engaged
Thesis states the
main point.
with the news, to hold journalists accountable, and to participate
as producers, not simply as consumers.
Guided by journalism’s code of ethics—accuracy, objectivity,
and fairness—print news reporters have gathered and delivered
stories according to what editors decide is fit for their readers.
Jacobs does not
need a citation
for common
knowledge.
Except for op-ed pages and letters to the editor, print news has
traditionally had a one-sided relationship with its readers. The print
news media’s reputation for objective reporting has been held up as
“a stop sign” for readers, sending a clear message that no further
inquiry is necessary (Weinberger). With the rise of the Internet,
however, this model has been criticized by journalists such as
Marginal annotations indicate MLA-style formatting and effective writing.
Source: Hacker/Sommers (Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2016, 2014).
This paper follows the style guidelines in the MLA Handbook, 8th ed. (2016).
4/16
Hacker-Jacobs-MLA-Arg-01.indd 1
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Jacobs 2
Dan Gillmor, founder of the Center for Citizen Media, who argues
that traditional print journalism treats “news as a lecture,” whereas
online news is “more of a conversation” (xxiv). Print news arrives
on the doorstep every morning as a fully formed lecture, a product
created without participation from its readership. By contrast,
online news invites readers to participate in a collaborative
process—to question and even help produce the content.
Transition moves
from Jacobs’s
main argument to
specific examples.
One of the most important advantages online news offers
over print news is the presence of built-in hyperlinks, which
carry readers from one electronic document to another. If readers
are curious about the definition of a term, the roots of a story,
or other perspectives on a topic, links provide a path. Links
help readers become more critical consumers of information
by engaging them in a totally new way. For instance, the link
embedded in the story “Credit-Shy: Younger Generation Is More
Likely to Stick to a Cash-Only Policy” (Sapin) allows readers to
find out more about the financial trends of young adults and
provides statistics that confirm the article’s accuracy (see fig. 1).
Other links in the article widen the conversation. These kinds of
links give readers the opportunity to conduct their own evaluation
of the evidence and verify the journalist’s claims.
Jacobs clarifies
key terms
(transparency and
accountability).
Links provide a kind of transparency impossible in print
because they allow readers to see through online news to the
“sources, disagreements, and the personal assumptions and
values” that may have influenced a news story (Weinberger). The
International Center for Media and the Public Agenda underscores
the importance of news organizations letting “customers in on the
often tightly held little secrets of journalism.” To do so, they
Source: Hacker/Sommers (Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2016, 2014).
Hacker-Jacobs-MLA-Arg-01.indd 2
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Jacobs 3
suggest, will lead to “accountability and accountability
accountability leads
leads to
to
credibility” (“Openness”). These tools alone don’t guarantee
guarantee that
that
news producers will be responsible
responsible and
and trustworthy,
trustworthy, but
but they
they
Source is cited in
MLA style.
encourage an open and transparent
transparent environment
environment that
that benefits
benefits
news consumers.
1
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
Young Adults After the Recession:
Fewer Homes, Fewer Cars, Less Debt
By Richard Fry
OVERVIEW
After running up record
debt-to-income ratios during
the bubble economy of the
2000s, young adults shed
substantially more debt than
older adults did during the
Great Recession and its
immediate aftermath—
mainly by virtue of owning
fewer houses and cars,
according to a new Pew
Research Center analysis of
Federal Reserve Board and
other government data.
From 2007 to 2010, the
median debt of households
headed by an adult younger
than 35 fell by 29%,
compared with a decline of
just 8% among households
headed by adults ages 35 and
older. Also, the share of
younger households holding
debt of any kind fell to 78%,
the lowest level since the
government began collecting
such data in 1983.
Median Total Debt of Households, by Age of
Head, 2007 and 2010
in 2011 dollars
2010
Percent
change
2007
$15,473
Younger than 35
29%
decline
$21,912
$30,070
35 and older
$32,543
8%
decline
Note: The median is calculated among all households, including those without any
debt.
Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of Survey of Consumer Finances data
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
Share of Households with Any Debt, by Age of
Head, 2001-2010
%
in %online news articles
Fig. 1. Links embedded 100
articles allow
allow readers
readers to
to
95
90 to original
sources,
articles,
move from the main story
original
sources, related
related
articles, or
or
Younger
84
83
85
than 35
78
80
77
background materials.
(Sapin)
points
materials. The
The
linkAllin
in this
this online
online article
article
(Sapin)
points
75link
75
75
70
35 and
75
74
73
older
Pew
Research
to a statistical report by65the
Research Center,
Center, the
the original
original
60
on young
source of the author’s data
young adults’
adults’ spending
spending practices.
practices.
55
Debt reduction among young
adults during bad economic
50
2001
2004
2007
2010
Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of Survey of Consumer Finances data
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
Sources: The Denver Post; article by Rachel Sapin, special to the Denver Post; graph courtesy of PEW Research Center.
www.pewresearch.org
(Bedford/St.
Martin’s,Martin’s,
2016, 2014).
Source: Hacker/Sommers (Boston:
Bedford/St.
2014).
Hacker-Jacobs-MLA-Arg-01.indd 3
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Jacobs 4
Jacobs develops
the thesis.
Not only has technology allowed readers to become more
critical news consumers, but it also has helped some to become
news producers. The Web gives ordinary people the power to
report on the day’s events. Anyone with an Internet connection
can publish on blogs and Web sites, engage in online discussion
forums, and contribute video and audio recordings. Citizen
journalists with laptops, cell phones, and digital camcorders have
become news producers alongside large news organizations.
Not everyone embraces the spread of unregulated news
reporting online. Critics point out that citizen journalists are not
necessarily trained to be fair or ethical, for example, nor are they
Opposing views
are presented
fairly.
subject to editorial oversight. Acknowledging that citizen reporting
is more immediate and experimental, critics also question its
accuracy and accountability: “While it has its place . . . it really
isn’t journalism at all, and it opens up information flow to the
strong probability of fraud and abuse. . . . Information without
journalistic standards is called gossip,” writes David Hazinski in
the Atlanta Journal-Constitution (23A). In his book Losing the
News, media specialist Alex S. Jones argues that what passes for
news today is in fact “pseudo news” and is “far less reliable” than
Jacobs counters
opposing arguments.
traditional print news (27). Even a supporter like Gillmor is willing
to agree that citizen journalists are “nonexperts,” but he argues
that they are “using technology to make a profound contribution,
and a real difference” (140).
Citizen reporting made a difference in the wake of Hurricane
A vivid example
helps Jacobs make
his point.
Katrina in 2005. Armed with cell phones and laptops, regular
citizens relayed critical news updates in a rapidly developing crisis,
often before traditional journalists were even on the scene.
Source: Hacker/Sommers (Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2016, 2014).
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Jacobs 5
In 2006, the enormous contributions of citizen journalists were
recognized when the New Orleans Times-Picayune received the
Pulitzer Prize in public service for its online coverage—largely
citizen-generated—of Hurricane Katrina. In recognizing the paper ’s
“meritorious public service,” the Pulitzer Prize board credited the
Jacobs uses
specific evidence
for support.
newspaper ’s blog for “heroic, multi-faceted coverage of [the
storm] and its aftermath” (“2006 ”). Writing for the Online
Journalism Review, Mark Glaser emphasizes the role that blog
updates played in saving storm victims’ lives. Further, he calls the
Times-Picayune ’s partnership with citizen journalists a “watershed
for online journalism.”
The Internet has enabled consumers to participate in a new
way in reading, questioning, interpreting, and reporting the news.
Decisions about appropriate content and coverage are no longer
Conclusion
echoes the thesis
without dully
repeating it.
exclusively in the hands of news editors. Ordinary citizens now have
a meaningful voice in the conversation—a hand in deciding what ’s
“fit to print.” Some skeptics worry about the apparent free-for-all
and loss of tradition. But the expanding definition of news provides
opportunities for consumers to be more engaged with events in their
communities, their nations, and the world.
Source: Hacker/Sommers (Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2016, 2014).
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Jacobs 6
Works Cited
Works cited page
uses MLA style.
Gillmor, Dan. We the Media: Grassroots Journalism by the People,
for the People. O’Reilly Media, 2006.
Glaser, Mark. “NOLA.com Blogs and Forums Help Save Lives after
Katrina.” OJR: The Online Journalism Review, Knight Digital
Media Center, 13 Sept. 2005, www.ojr.org/050913glaser/.
Hazinski, David. “Unfettered ‘Citizen Journalism’ Too Risky.”
Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 13 Dec. 2007, p. 23A. General
OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/.
List is alpha­betized
by authors’ last
names (or by title
when a work has
no author).
Jones, Alex S. Losing the News: The Future of the News That Feeds
Democracy. Oxford UP, 2009.
“Openness and Accountability: A Study of Transparency in Global
Media Outlets.” ICMPA: International Center for Media and the
Public Agenda, 2006, www.icmpa.umd.edu/pages/studies/
transparency/main.html.
Sapin, Rachel. “Credit-Shy: Younger Generation Is More Likely to
Stick to a Cash-Only Policy.” The Denver Post, 26 Aug. 2013,
www.denverpost.com/ci_23929523/credit-shy-younger
-generation-stick-cash-only-policy.
“The 2006 Pulitzer Prize Winners: Public Service.” The Pulitzer
Access date is used
for a Web source
that has no update
date.
Prizes, Columbia U, www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by
-year/2006. Accessed 21 Oct. 2013.
Weinberger, David. “Transparency Is the New Objectivity.” Joho
the Blog, 19 July 2009, www.hyperorg.com/blogger/
2009/07/19/transparency-is-the-new-objectivity/.
Source: Hacker/Sommers (Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2016, 2014).
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1
Giovanna Cabrera
Professor Kristin Berkey-Abbott
ENC1102
June 9, 2020
Aviation Safety
Aviation safety is a paramount aspect that must be considered across the world. Millions
of passengers and crew members travel by air each day and their safety must be a priority. Over
the years, airports and aircrafts are one of the most vulnerable targets for terrorists and should
therefore be consistently required to up their safety improvements. I have noted little efforts
taken to curb growing security incidences in the aviation industry that results in a safety threat to
the growing number of passengers. My working thesis is “While airports are the safest form of
transportation, it is still important to improve security and ensure it is free from factors that can
lead to injury or loss.”
This topic is very personal to me because my place of work is at an airport. Through
time, you tend to become more aware of your surroundings and the possible scenarios that can
occur at any given moment. There have been little interventions taken to enhance security
measures and implementation of modern technologies within the airports. Another aspect entails
my passion for traveling to different destinations across the globe. Since I am a frequent user of
different airports and airplanes, it would be significant to raise awareness of critical interventions
that should be implemented to avert safety issues in aviation.
AVIATION SAFETY
2
In my brainstorming activities, I have first considered distinguishing the words “safety”
and “security” for readers to understand the primary difference in aviation adequately. While the
two words can be used synonymously, there is a large difference between them when it comes to
air travel. Weekly runway friction testing is essential to accurately measure the rubber friction on
airport runways and determine possible rubber contamination. This is coupled with the need for
implementation of the Safety Management System (SMS) by the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) to manage safety features and risks at airports. I will also provide
recommendations on the ways and benefits of carrying thorough plane inspections regularly to
avert dangers. Finally, I will highlight the need for employing highly trained and skilled pilots
and flight attendants in the aviation industry and conduct continuous simulation trainings.
I have carried out secondary research on the subject matter to gather initial notes and
acquire knowledge on how to tackle aviation safety. I have gathered books, journals, and
aviation articles that document safety incidents and actions taken. This is coupled with
researching on crucial information in aviation databases and airport websites to provide a
foundation for my research. Among them include the FAA website, the National Transportation
Safety (NTSB) database, and the International Air Transport Associates (IATA) organization.
There is so much to learn about aviation safety. One would never know the actions that
take place behind closed doors. Through my research, I hope to learn is how to reduce the risk of
traveling by air and the procedures that should be implemented. Even though airports and
traveling by air is one of the safest forms of travel, there is always room to learn new ways to
protect the people.
1
Giovanna Cabrera
Professor Kristin Berkey-Abbott
ENC1102
June 30, 2020
A Critique of “10 Things the Aviation Industry Can Teach Us About Preparedness and Safety.”
Crisis and Incident Management Software | Emergency Response Software, CIM by Martin
Lilleøen
After conducting my research for my topic, there were numerous articles that were
fascinating. Upon reading “10 Things the Aviation Industry Can Teach Us About Preparedness
and Safety” by Martin Lilleøen, I knew that it would be a great article to critique since it was
being written first-hand by a former pilot.
The research conducted by Martin Lilleøen focuses on safety in the aviation industry. The
study pinpoints the various measures the sector undertakes to calculate and minimize risks that
could lead to accidents and crashes (Lilleøen, 2019). Although Martin’s assessment is incredible,
my main criticism is his analysis of the aviation industry’s quality system. Most importantly, his
views on the incorporation of daily crisis simulations exercise on pilots. These are test protocols
that pilots go through that aid in building their resilience and confidence to handle potential
crises. Lilleøen highlights that there is no need for the everyday crisis simulations in air travel.
2
Nonetheless, flight simulations play an integral role in ensuring air travel safety,
especially how pilots can avoid unforeseen calamities. Although manufacturers and service
providers do an excellent job in guaranteeing safety in aviation, pilots must receive proper
training. The most excellent way to ensure the respective teams acquire a handful of skills is
through crisis simulations. A well-crafted crisis simulation provides pilots who are better
prepared and confident to face any risks that come their way, such as natural disasters.
Martin claims that individuals who construct planes, as well as service providers, are
incredibly quality-minded. For this reason, he trusts crisis simulation is not an essential practice.
According to Lilleøen (2019), the quality-mindedness of service providers and manufacturers
ensure planes are not exposed to accidents and crashes. Martin argues that the quality of the
system is sufficient to guarantee safety in aviation. Thus, there is no need to ensure that pilots
undergo daily flight crisis simulations (Lilleøen, 2019). He adds that passengers and the relevant
authorities need to put their confidence in the industry’s reliable manufacturers.
Notably, crisis simulation in aviation significantly influences training strategies. It is
important to note that conducting crisis simulations does not signify that the manufacturer did a
faulty job when designing the planes. Similarly, it does not convey that the service providers do
not offer quality services. Research indicates that flight crisis simulations are formulated to train
pilots on diverse ways to respond to crises. For instance, a hostage scenario, terrorism, natural
catastrophe like a massive storm, crashed plane, toxic cloud, or an explosion. Therefore, I’m
afraid I have to disagree with Martin Lilleøen’s statement that the quality system is sufficient to
ensure safety in airplanes. Besides, confidence between passengers, manufacturers, and the
related authorities does not assure safety. Therefore, other than ensuring the system is of high
quality, there is a need to incorporate different strategies that boost aviation safety. One of the
3
most suitable approaches is ensuring pilots receive adequate training. Hence, despite what the
author articulates, I firmly believe flight crisis simulations are critical in the day to day
operations.
On the other hand, Martin Lilleøen’s review of the system’s quality is of considerable
significance in ensuring safety in airplanes. The quality system certifies the worthiness of the
aircraft at the manufacturing point as well as during technical maintenance (Lilleøen, 2019).
Predominantly, manufacturers must comply with global policies and standards that boost safety
in the aviation industry. Therefore, Martin confirms that quality is paramount in the aviation
industry.
Similarly, his statement on quality system highlights an essential characteristic that both
plane designers and service providers must possess. According to Lilleøen (2019), qualitymindedness goes a long way in assuring safety in the air travel industry. Chiefly, quality-minded
manufacturers can thrive in the business since no one can rely on a producer who makes faulty
aircraft. Correspondingly, the aspect of quality mindedness proves the transparency of reliable
fabricators and service providers. As a result, passengers and the relevant authorities have more
trust and confidence in their produ…
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