CJ 790 Southern New Hampshire University Memphis Police Force Research Follow the rubric to the latter. You will be using scenario A pertaining to the poli

CJ 790 Southern New Hampshire University Memphis Police Force Research Follow the rubric to the latter. You will be using scenario A pertaining to the police force and the city chosen is Memphis, Tennessee. Paper should be in APA Format. You will detail how to use programs that already in place to maximize police productivity, while being mindful of the city’s budget. This why I said use the current programs and tweak them a little bit. To give you a start, Lawmakers in Memphis and Shelby County launches the Safe Community Plan in 2017 as a crime reduction plan directed towards 16 key strategies in reducing violent crime. One big problem occurring in Memphis is the lack of community policing relations, especially within the African American community where majority of crime occurs. Memphis population is mostly poor to middle class African Americans. There is animosity and mistrust between the two so policing efforts have been unsuccessful. I have provided you below with the rubric, the scenario, and also source you can used to get started. However, you will need to find additional sources. CJ 790 Milestone One Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: A statement and analysis of the problem can be useful to criminal justice professionals for several reasons. For one, the statement and analysis allow
a criminal justice professional to understand the nature of the issue that has arisen. Your detailed analysis will offer insight into the etiology of the problem, and
ultimately a better outlook on how to remedy the situation.
Your capstone will be graded with the holistic rubric included below. The rubric will be used to grade all components of your capstone project together and
create one grade. In this capstone project, you are working toward proficiency in the program outcomes. The “Possible Indicators of Success” are some ways you
can demonstrate that you have met the program outcomes. The milestones in this course are drafts of different sections of your capstone project, and you can
work on them to receive feedback on how you are progressing toward meeting the outcomes. Your milestone submissions address different critical elements,
but your final submission of all three components will show your proficiency in the same program outcomes.
Prompt: You will submit the statement of the problem and analysis of the problem, which should include the critical elements below. These elements will
demonstrate your progress toward meeting the course outcomes.
I.
II.
Statement of the Problem: Referring to your research, provide an overview of a criminal justice issue and explain how it is affecting the community in
your selected city. Be sure to include the relevant criminological theories that apply.
Analysis of the Problem: Outline the scope of the criminal justice issue as it applies to your selected city and criminal justice organization, using actual
data from your selected city and information about the organization in your selected scenario to support your response. The analysis should include (but
is not limited to) the following:
A. Recurring trends or patterns that city data reveals about the issue
B. External contributing factors supported by research
C. Internal contributing factors supported by details provided in the scenario
D. The root cause of the issue
Rubric
Guidelines for Submission: Your statement of the problem and analysis of the problem should be a 5 –7 page Microsoft Word document with double spacing,
12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and APA formatting.
The final capstone submission will assess students’ proficiency in the course outcomes.
The milestone submissions demonstrate whether students are making progress toward
meeting the outcomes.
CJ-790-01: Apply moral reasoning to make ethically sound and socially responsible decisions
that exemplify service philosophy and leadership in the field of criminal justice
Students will receive “In Progress” if
they are making progress toward the
course outcome.
Meets
In
Does Not
Expectations Progress
Meet
100%
80%
Expectations
0%
Value
16.6
Feedback on progress toward outcome proficiency:
Possible Indicators of Success that may be evident in the student’s final submission:
Does the student demonstrate the ability to make decisions that align to an organization’s values set forth in the mission statement?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to form unbiased conclusions?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to evaluate possible solutions with current criminological research studies?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to propose plans that address the needs of an organization and the surrounding community?
CJ-790-02: Employ criminological theory, research methodologies, and analysis to impact
solutions to contemporary issues and problems in the field of criminal justice
Meets
Expectations
100%
In Progress
80%
Feedback on progress toward outcome proficiency:
Possible Indicators of Success that may evident in the student’s final submission:
Does the student demonstrate the ability to identify emerging criminal justice issues within communities and construct plausible solutions?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to analyze data and recognize patterns to determine the underlying causes of criminal justice issues?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to apply appropriate criminological theories to problems?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to create insightful literature reviews that inform the direction of proposals?
Does Not
Meet
Expectations
0%
17
CJ-790-03: Utilize multiple strategic planning and problem-solving approaches that impact
crime reduction and public service and that reflect critical and creative thinking
Meets
Expectations
100%
In Progress
80%
Does Not
Meet
Expectations
0%
16.6
Feedback on progress toward outcome proficiency:
Possible Indicators of Success that may be evident in the student’s final submission:
Does the student demonstrate the ability to use best practices within the field to identify crime patterns that define underlying problems?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to critically analyze why problems occur by using appropriate resources?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to creatively employ problem-solving techniques to address both internal and external factors surrounding issues?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to create response plans that address both the symptoms and root causes of criminal justice issues?
CJ-790-04: Create authentic strategies and plans designed to improve and maintain effective
organizational structure and culture for influencing professional identities, criminal justice
management, leadership, and policy making
Meets
Expectations
100%
In Progress
80%
Does Not
Meet
Expectations
0%
16.6
Does Not
Meet
Expectations
0%
16.6
Feedback on progress toward outcome proficiency:
Possible Indicators of Success that may be evident in the student’s final submission:
Does the student demonstrate the ability to choose appropriate methods of dissemination for proposals?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to incorporate the needs of both the community and organizations into strategic proposals?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to synthesize best practices and scholarly resources to create well-supported solutions to issues?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to identify relevant resources required to initiate proposals within organizations?
CJ-790-05: Employ effective decision-making methods and strategies that reflect versatility
of thought in addressing the diverse needs of public service agencies
Meets
Expectations
100%
In Progress
80%
Feedback on progress toward outcome proficiency:
Possible Indicators of Success that may be evident in the student’s final submission:
Does the student demonstrate the ability to clearly convey implementation plans in proposals?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to combine knowledge from multiple sources to form proposals that meet the unique needs of cities and organizations?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to describe the challenges and opportunities for criminal justice organizations when they address problems within communities?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to prioritize the betterment of organizations within proposed solutions?
CJ-790-06: Employ professional, appropriate communication strategies for effective
resource planning, consensus building, and long-term planning
Meets
Expectations
100%
In Progress
80%
Does Not
Meet
Expectations
0%
Feedback on progress toward outcome proficiency:
Possible Indicators of Success that may be evident in the student’s final submission:
Does the student demonstrate the ability to clearly communicate how proposals may benefit organizations and communities in the future?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to effect change through clear communication grounded in both organizational best practices and research?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to create visual presentations that clearly identify problems, relevant research, and proposed solutions?
Does the student demonstrate the ability to manage appropriate resources during strategic development of proposals?
16.6
CJ 790 Final Project Scenarios
Cities
Select a city from the following list:
?
?
?
?
?
Chicago, IL
Detroit, MI
Memphis, TN
Oakland, CA
St. Louis, MO
Scenario A: Law Enforcement
You are in a leadership position in a fictitious organization located in the city you selected. The Wokefield Police Department is the fictitious police
department in your selected city. This police department has been thriving for a long time, but due to the recent rise in scrutiny of the police,
morale among employees has dropped. The drop in morale has led to numerous issues in the department. The Wokefield Police Department has
196 officers, and its jurisdiction spans 22 square miles. The Wokefield Police Department receives funding from the city and is allotted an annual
budget of $40 million. The department typically accumulates an additional $1.5 million from grants and forfeitures from the previous fiscal year, for
a total budget of $41.5 million. The bulk of the budget is spent in two main areas: employee benefits and salaries. Employee benefits account for
$15 million of the annual budget, whereas salaries and wages account for $20 million of the annual budget.
The department has currently maximized its spending because of a lack of forfeitures and grants due to a decrease in officer productivity. The
forfeiture revenue dropped $500,000 from the previous fiscal year, and this has left little to no funding for personnel items and benefits such as
new vehicles, department maintenance, and training opportunities for road patrol officers. You are a recently promoted lieutenant within the
Wokefield Police Department. As a lieutenant, your job is to supervise, plan, and coordinate the operations and planning of law enforcement
activities, including the role of watch commander. You will provide a strategic planning proposal to the chief of police that will solve an external
issue occurring in the city while also considering the internal issues occurring within the organization.
The Wokefield Police Department’s mission statement is the following:
To commit to a high level of police services and protection for the citizens of Wokefield through the early detection and reduction of crime,
an organization of concerned professionals will provide realistic services to the surrounding community in a caring, empathetic, and
sensitive manner. The Wokefield Police Department will encourage positivity while protecting life and property within the city of Wokefield.
Scenario B: Corrections
You are in a leadership position in a fictitious organization located in the city you selected. The Wokefield County Jail is the fictitious corrections
department in your selected city. This organization has experienced some shortcomings as a result of the state’s budget restraints in the previous
year. The Wokefield County Jail currently has over 30 full-time vacancies due to insufficient funding for those positions. The Wokefield County Jail is
struggling to maintain the national average (and desired) officer-to-inmate ratio of five correctional officers for every inmate. As a result, the
inherent danger to the existing employees has risen dramatically. Some correctional officers are contemplating leaving the organization due to the
perceived unnecessary risk to their safety. The Wokefield Department of Corrections currently has 120 correctional officers. The annual budget for
the Wokefield County Jail is $28 million. Most of the budget (71%) is spent on two things: inmate services (such as rehabilitation programs) and the
annual salaries of employees. In addition to problem of employee vacancies, the state wants to cut an additional $1 million from the budget in the
upcoming fiscal year.
Due to recent policy changes at the Wokefield Police Department, there has been an increase in the number of arrests made per month. The
number of arrests nearly doubled from the 203 arrests in the previous month. You are a recently promoted regional director within the Wokefield
County Jail. It is your job is to supervise, plan, and coordinate the operations and planning of both inmate and correctional officer activities. You will
provide a strategic planning proposal to the county sheriff to solve an external issue while also considering the internal issues occurring within the
organization.
The Wokefield County Jail’s mission statement is the following:
To create and maintain a county jail that is secure and safe for both inmates and staff, and that meets or surpasses all governmental
requirements and standard operating procedures, the Wokefield County Jail will also provide opportunities for inmates to improve their
lives and deal with personal issues.
Neoliberalisation of Security, Austerity and the
‘End of Public Policy’: Governing Crime in
Memphis (TN, USA) Through Predictive
Policing, Community, Grants and Police
‘Mission Creep’
Simone Tulumello
Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais
University of Memphis, Department of City and Regional Planning
simone.tulumello@ics.ulisboa.pt
Abstract
The government of security and safety constitutes a privileged angle from which to
study the links among government, public policy and urban dynamics, particularly
in places where neoliberalisation intersects with historical racial and class tensions
– as is the case in many US cities. I am concerned with the connection between
(racialised) security politics and the institutional transformation of local security
policymaking. I use the case of Memphis (TN, USA), which is paradigmatic of the
neoliberalisation of security and permanent ‘low-intensity’ austerity; present four
practices and trends – ‘predictive’ policing, rhetoric about ‘community’ selfdefence, safety ‘grants’ and the ‘mission creep’ of the militarised police
department; and discuss continuities/discontinuities with regard to long-term trends
of restructuring crime control in the USA. The case of security policymaking
allows me to argue that austerity and neoliberal rule tend to replace public policy –
intended as a course of action stemming from conscious choice by the government
– with a complicated patchwork of state intervention/disengagement, whose
ultimate effect is the ‘end of public policy’ proper.
Published with Creative Commons licence: Attribution–Noncommercial–No Derivatives
Neoliberalisation of Security, Austerity and the ‘End of Public Policy’
172
Keywords
Urban policy; crime prevention; low-intensity austerity; public safety; United
States.
Introduction
On February 1, 2017, citizens of Memphis (TN, USA) driving on Poplar
Avenue and other major city streets were welcomed by billboards stating:
‘Welcome to Memphis. 228 homicides in 2016. Down over 500 police officers’
(Figure 1). Paid for by the Memphis Police Association (MPA), the powerful local
union of police officers, the campaign intended to establish a direct link between a
yearly spike in homicide rates and the reduction of sworn officers between 2011
and 2016 – to try and advocate more sworn officers, higher wages and more
benefits. MPA had sponsored an even more explicit campaign in 2013: ‘Danger.
Enter at your own risk. The city does not support public safety’, billboards read.
Both campaigns inflamed accusations between MPA and local politicians, in a rush
of leaders championing ‘zero tolerance’.
Figure 1. Memphis Police Association billboard in Poplar Avenue, Memphis.
February 2017. Photo: Jessica Buttermore.
ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 2018, 17(1): 171-200
173
In (cities like) Memphis, urban security and safety (or public safety in
American English)1 are especially controversial topics, which intersect with many
others. The characteristic US patterns of urban safety – strong links between
poverty, spatial segregation, aggressive policing and concentration of violent crime
– intersect with historical racial and class politics (see Hinton, 2016; Camp and
Heatherton, 2016). From a policy perspective, urban security is a field where the
relations among government, public action and urban dynamics are especially tight.
On the one hand, the government of security is a nodal dimension of the way
public policy affects cities’ welfare and patterns of (in)justice (Morelle and Tadié,
2011; Tulumello, 2017b). On the other, safety is ‘delivered’ at the intersection of
security practice with virtually every other area of public action (Chalom et al.,
2001, ii). As such, the practices of security can be used as a synecdoche, a part of
the whole, to understand recent transformations in public policymaking. The MPA
billboards remind us of the way local politics drive local security policy; at the
same time, security and safety have been restructured by global trends and
neoliberalisation: the clash of such trends with local policies and politics will be the
object of my study.
Theory-wise, I will build on critiques of neoliberal urban policy and
austerity. While a great deal of attention has been devoted to discussing the extent
to which the neoliberal state is one where politics are attacked (see, e.g. Blokker,
2014), my objective is to question the consequences of neoliberalisation and
austerity over public policy. Is austerity a set of policies put in place to pursue
neoliberal political goals? Or does austerity restructure the concept of ‘public
policy’? I will use the case of neoliberalisation of security to argue that, in contexts
characterised by long-term austerity rule, the very concept of public policy tends to
fade out, being replaced by a complicated patchwork of state
intervention/disengagement.
Beyond contributing to the scholarship on neoliberal policymaking, I intend
to contribute to that about (racialised) security politics in the USA, by linking it
more solidly to the study of institutional action, exploring how grand processes are
activated in micro-dimensions of local policymaking. Not only is this endeavour
capable of adding nuances to the understanding of security politics; it is also
necessary for the goal of imagining, and enacting, alternatives – which need be
built politically, but, at the same time, must be capable of institutionalisation, that
is, of changing the dynamics of power engrained within the fabric of state
organisation and action.
With the above goals, I will analyse the case of Memphis, which will help
theorise because, against the backdrop of its regional context (the US urban South),
1
I shall follow the definition by the International Centre for Prevention of Crime, according to
which urban security is a ‘public good delivered by the state under regular circumstances’ and urban
safety ‘a subjective feeling of being secure as experienced by citizens’ (ICPC 2012, 3).
Neoliberalisation of Security, Austerity and the ‘End of Public Policy’
174
it is ‘paradigmatic’ (Flyvbjerg, 2006) of processes of neoliberalisation and austerity
rule – and their consequences over urban security. I will present four
security/safety practices – i) data-driven, ‘predictive’ policing, ii) calls for
‘community’ self-defence, iii) the use of safety ‘grants’ and iv) the ‘mission creep’
of the militarised police department – and emphasise continuities and
discontinuities with regard to long-term trends of transformation of crime control in
the USA. The case of Memphis will help foresee the ‘end of public policy’
embedded in austerity and neoliberal security making.
Before moving to the empirical exploration, the next two sections review
critiques of austerity and neoliberal urban policy, in order to raise the question
about what happens to public policy in the neoliberal state; and discuss recent
transformations of security…
Purchase answer to see full
attachment