CHEM105 Eastern Mediterranean Photovoltaics and Their Uses Paper See the following documents, and give me 3 possible topic you are going to write, and do n

CHEM105 Eastern Mediterranean Photovoltaics and Their Uses Paper See the following documents, and give me 3 possible topic you are going to write, and do not start right now, we need to wait until our professor assign our topic then start, only write about one topic, but choose 3 possible topic. thank you! YOUR NAME ________________________________________
CHEM 105
Individual Projects
Create a 1-2 page response for one of the following exercises.
My top three choices for topics are;
Topic #
1. ______________
2. ______________
3. ______________
Chapter 4 – Climate Change
1. Search the internet to find a map of the current locations for rainforests in the world and
map of rainforests locations from approximately 20 years ago. Describe the differences
between the two maps. Predict what you think may occur in the next 20 years. Describe
the ramifications of those changes.
2. Draw a diagram or model that describes how the Earth functions as a greenhouse. Label
the features that contribute to the greenhouse effect. Explain your representation in words
and describe how human activity has influenced changes in the greenhouse effect.
3. The infrared (IR) spectra of CO2 and water are shown in the text in Figures 4.16 and 4.17.
Perform an internet search to find the IR spectrum of a gas that is not considered a
greenhouse gas. What can you conclude from your investigation?
4. Visit the Mauna Loa Observatory website and view the data on at least three greenhouse
gases other than CO2. Describe the change in concentration over time of each of these
gases compared to the change in concentration of CO2. What other information from
these data do you feel is important?
5. A recent government report states that the atmospheric level of CO2 has increased 30%
since 1860. Use the data in the text in Figure 4.21 to evaluate this statement. A global
warming skeptic state that the percent increase in the atmospheric level of CO2 since
1957 has been only half as great as the percent increase from 1860 to the present.
Comment on the accuracy of that statement and how it could affect potential greenhouse
gas emissions policy.
6. Plankton are microscopic plant- and animal-like creatures found in both salt- and freshwater systems. Many plankton species have shells made of calcium carbonate that are
weakened by acidic environments. Many marine organisms have plankton as a food
source. Construct a food chain to show the link between plankton and humans. Discuss
the potential impact of ocean acidification on the food chain.
7. In 2011, the United States had an ecological footprint of about 6.8 hectares per person.
Find an estimate of the current population of the U.S. (Cite your source.) Calculate the
amount of biologically productive land that is currently required to support the U.S.
population. Compare your calculated amount to the total amount of biologically
productive space that is available on our planet and discuss the ramifications of this
result.
Chapter 5 – Energy from Combustion
8. Consult the interactive trends found in the International Energy Data link on the U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) website. List the countries that are the top 5
producers of coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Compare this ranking to the ranking of
countries that have the greatest reserves of fossil fuels. Have the trends in production and
reserve capacity of particular countries changed over the last 10 years. Propose some
socioeconomic factors that may explain these trends.
9. Using a variety of internet sources, predict some likely time frames for when the
available supply of nonrenewable coal, petroleum, and natural gas will be exhausted.
Discuss the factors that may shorten or lengthen these predicted time frames.
10. Power plants require several steps to transform potential energy (bond energy in a fuel)
into electrical energy. Other devices also convert different forms of energy. For instance,
a battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy. List three other devices that
convert one form of energy into another form. For each example name the types of
energy involved and describe the path of energy transformation.
11. In the U.S., coal burning power plants are responsible for two-thirds of sulfur dioxide and
one-fifth of nitrogen monoxide emissions. Why does burning coal produce sulfur dioxide
and nitrogen monoxide? (i.e what is the chemistry?) Name at least one other source each
of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen monoxide emissions and discuss how emissions of these
gases can be mitigated.
Chapter 6 – Energy from Alternative Sources
12. One of the most powerful nuclear power plants in operation in the U.S. is the Palo Verde
complex in Arizona. At maximum capacity, just one of its three reactors generates 1.2
billion joules of electric energy every second, or 1.2 GW of power. Calculate the total
amount of electric energy produced by the three reactors per day and the mass of 235U lost
each day. Hint: Start by calculating the quantity of energy generated per day. Then use
the equation ?E = ?mc2 to calculate the change in mass. Report the mass in loss of
grams. Then select a grade of coal from Table 5.2 in the text and calculate the mass of
coal that would be needed to produce the same amount of energy. Briefly discuss the pros
and cons of each method of electricity generation.
13. Use a source from the internet to estimate the total kilowatt hours (kWh) of solar energy
that fall on one square meter of land per day in the Seattle area. Use the data below from
a typical homeowner’s monthly electric power bill and calculate how large of a solar
collector would be needed to supply the home with the power from solar energy. Also,
using Table 5.2, chose a type of coal and calculate the amount of coal that is needed to
produce the same amount of electricity. (You will need to convert kWh to Joules first.
There are converters available on the internet.) Discuss your results.
Service period
Meter Reading (kWh)
06/23/16
05/21/16
33 Days of service
15335
15079
256
14. All solar collectors focus and concentrate the SUN’s rays for the purpose of capturing
energy. They do so, in different ways. Search the internet, find and describe the designs
for three different types of collectors. Describe how each design is matched to its end use.
Include the scale of use, e.g. for a single home, a business, or a community and provide at
least one limitation for each type of collector.
15. People use solar photovoltaics in different ways. Search the internet and describe some
ways each group below uses photovoltaics.
a. Farmers and ranchers
b. Small business owners
c. Homeowners
d. Colleges
16. Use the local resources (information published by or interview people at the College) to
determine if or how alternative energy sources are being used on campus. Summarize
your findings and propose a solar project for the campus or the local community. List and
describe at least five factors to consider proceeding with the project.
Chapter 7 – Energy Storage
17. Rechargeable batteries all have a definite life span and will no longer function after many
charging/discharging cycles. Using internet resources investigate and;
a. Describe the “memory effect” found for some rechargeable batteries. Describe
what operating conditions cause this phenomenon to occur.
b. List what battery types are most prone to this effect and whether or how this
effect can be repaired or avoided.
18. Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH batteries) use different chemistry than Nickle-Cadmium
(Ni-Cd) batteries. Use the internet to find the reaction(s) in NiMH and compare them to
those for the Ni-Cd batteries (Equations 7.9 and 7.10). Use this information to explain
why NiMH batteries have largely replaced NiCd batteries for consumer applications.
19. The Tesla S, at 335 miles, has the longest driving range per charge of all current electric
vehicles. Assuming the battery has a capacity of 85 kWh, calculate how long it would
take to charge the battery using a 110V/20A electrical outlet and using a 240V/40A.
(W(power) = V(voltage) x I(current)). Look up the current cost per kWh of electricity in
Bothell, and calculate the cost per charge and the cost per mile for the Tesla S. Using the
current price of gasoline and information on gasoline consumption rate (i.e. mimles/gal)
for your favorite gasoline-powered vehicle, calculate the cost per mile for that vehicle.
Summarize and discuss your results.
20. Using information on your favorite gasoline-powered vehicle, calculate the amount of
carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by the vehicle in an average year of driving. Assume
gasoline consists primarily of octane (C8H18) and that all octane is converted to CO2 in
the combustion process. Discuss your results and propose some ways that you could
reduce transportation-related CO2 emissions.
21. Explore the Figures Alive! animations of a PEM fuel cell on Connect. Describe how a
fuel cell is different from the batteries described in earlier sections of the text. Explain
whether a PEM fuel cell can be recharged. Would you classify the combination of H2 and
O2 in a fuel cell as combustion? Explain your answer.
Chapter 8 – Water Everywhere: A Most Precious Resource.
22. Choose a two-day period and record all of your activities that involve water by time, how
you used the water, and the quantity of water used. Discuss the primary source of the
water, the degree you “contaminated” the water, and the final disposition (where it
ultimately went) of the water.
23. In some communities, reclaimed or recycled (non-potable) water is used to wash cars,
water gardens, and flush toilets. List three other activities for which non-potable water
could be used. Describe the conditions that might prompt a community to use nonpotable water. Investigate whether any communities in the Seattle area use non-potable
water and, if so, for what purposes. Identify and briefly discuss what areas of your
personal water usage might be supplanted by non-potable water.
24. Local public agencies, like cities and counties, publish water quality reports on drinking
water supplies. The Environmental Working Group also publishes public drinking water
quality reports. Use the internet to find these reports for the drinking water supply you
use most often. Compare the reports and discuss the differences. How do you feel about
the quality of your drinking water after analyzing these reports?
25. Knowing that detergent molecules have both, polar and non-polar ends, create a diagram
showing a solution of surfactant molecules, nonpolar molecules, and water molecules.
Describe the interactions that occur in the solution that allow the detergent to act as a
cleaning agent.
26. Beverages we drink have a range of pHs. Find the pHs of at least six common beverages
(maybe all of the beverages that you drink during a week) and calculate their [H+]
Discuss the range of pH values and [H+].
27. Until recently, losing your teeth, from dental caries caused by the damage from bacteria
on tooth enamel, was common. Community water fluoridation has been cited as one of
the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century by the U.S. Centers for
Disease Control. Explain why. Although important in all communities, water fluoridation
is especially important for low-income communities. Discuss this. In some communities,
water fluoridation is controversial. What are the arguments against adding fluoride to
drinking water supplies?
28. Research and create a diagram or describe the water treatment process used in your
community. List and briefly describe any ways you could change your water use to
decrease the amount of water that needs to be treated.
Chapter 14 – Who Killed Dr. Thompson? A Forensic Mystery.
29. Research the new generation of cancer drugs known as immnotherapeutics. Explain how
this class of cancer drugs is different than standard chemotherapy. Describe what a
clinical trial is and explain the differences in Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III clinical
trials.
30. Chemically, describe what is happening at the flash point of a liquid. Describe what is
happening at the boiling point. Describe the differences between “flammable” and
“combustible” liquids.
31. Write balanced chemical reaction equations for the complete combustion of three
solvents found in Dr. Thompson’s lab. In a fire like the one in the lab, complete
combustion does not usually occur. Incomplete combustion produces side products. What
are some of the products of the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons? Describe the
potential health and environmental effects of these products.

Purchase answer to see full
attachment