Mission College Portfolio Experiences Debt Securities Discussion Part 1 discussion point: Why bonds?, bond issuance (bond offering) versus stock issuance

Mission College Portfolio Experiences Debt Securities Discussion Part 1 discussion point:

Why bonds?, bond issuance (bond offering) versus stock issuance from a corporate perspective in terms of capital need. In other words, what are some of pros and cons of this two pathways of corporate financing options? One, through “Debt Financing” (long term liability section in financial reporting, ch.14) as opposed “Equity Financing” (ch.13 paid-in-capital of equity section of financial reporting)? Please also think about the related concept of “Financial Leverage”. Please discuss ups/downs (pros and cons) between the two capital raising/structure.

Part 2 discussion point:

Now everything said and done with bonds, what is then difference between bonds and loans (bonds vs. loans as long-term debt)? Please discuss as many difference as you think of, from a corporation perspective as well as from an investor/lender perspective.

Part 3 discussion point:

please state that the major difference in the accounting for a portfolio of “trading securities” vs. “available-for-sale securities” vs. “held-to-maturity”?

In other words, what are the main differences in accounting treatment among the three categorized investment holdings, trading securities, available-for-sale securities, and held-to-maturity (the accounting treatment rules, rationale behind, or underlying principle? (Do these rationales make sense to you?)