ZOOL 122 Santa Barbara City College Mollusc Successes Questions Question 1: Mollusc Successes (25 points) Describe the diversity of adaptations of molluscs

ZOOL 122 Santa Barbara City College Mollusc Successes Questions Question 1: Mollusc Successes (25 points) Describe the diversity of adaptations of molluscs that have contributed to their phenomenal success.

Include in your answer:

a. the nature and production of the shells of abalone

b. feeding mechanisms of a gastropod (sea hare), a bivalve (clam), and a cephalopod (squid).

c. mechanisms that control buoyancy in Sepia, Nautilus, Loligo and Octopus

d. mechanisms of color production and color change in squid

Question 2: Arthropod Serial Homology and Tagmatization (25 points) Describe the serial modifications of appendages and the nature of tagmatization in arthropods with special attention to crustaceans and hexapods.

Include in your answer:

a. definitions of serial homology and tagmatization

b. a description of the variety of structures of biramous appendages of crustaceans as related to feeding, locomotion and gas exchange c. a description of tagmatization, the advantages conferred by tagmatization, and a comparison of tagmatization in crayfish and insects

Question 3: Insect Flight (25 points) Describe the origin of insect wings, their structure, and that nature of flight in paleopteran and neopterans.

Include in your answer:

a. a description of the modern hypothesis of the origin on wings and the underlying genetic support for this hypothesis

b. a description of the differences and advantages of the musculature of paleopteran and neopteran wings and thorax

c. a description of modifications of the insect body that accommodated extremely high wingbeat frequencies and fast flight

Question 4: Insect Vision (25 points) Describe the structures and functions of the eyes of insects.

Include in your answer:

a. the detailed anatomy of the ommatidia of the compound eyes of insects b. a description of how insects control brightness c. a description of how superposition eyes of insects are adapted for flying at night d. a description of optic cartridges and eccentric cells and how insects form an image in the brain and achieve color vision

References Immediately following the essay, two lines below the last line of your essay, list all sources used in writing your essay to answer the question. Do not use in-text citations and do not use footnotes. Simply list your sources in this “References” section. You must have a References section with at least five references which you have used in preparing your answers: the course textbook, and at least four additional sources. If you do not include a References section, you will lose 10 points (2 points for each missing source).

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2,000 words ZOOLOGY 122 ANIMAL DIVERSITY
2020 SUMMER 02
Exam Two
Examination Two: Due Friday 24 July before 11:00 pm California Time
Notes: Although there is a minimum word count of 2,000 words for this exam, you will find that it is likely going to require more than
the minimum to fully answer the question. You may not copy or quote from any source. All information must be re-written in your
own words. Answer all questions. Point value: 100 points. Read the course Style Guide for detailed instructions of structure and
format. Exams must be submitted by the due date and time. Late Exams are NOT accepted without prior approval. Submit early
to Turnitin.com
Do not include the question(s) on your essays and exams.
Question 1: Mollusc Successes (25 points)
Describe the diversity of adaptations of molluscs that have contributed to their phenomenal success. Include in your answer:
a. the nature and production of the shells of abalone
b. feeding mechanisms of a gastropod (sea hare), a bivalve (clam), and a cephalopod (squid).
c. mechanisms that control buoyancy in Sepia, Nautilus, Loligo and Octopus
d. mechanisms of color production and color change in squid
Question 2: Arthropod Serial Homology and Tagmatization (25 points)
Describe the serial modifications of appendages and the nature of tagmatization in arthropods with special attention to crustaceans and
hexapods. Include in your answer:
a. definitions of serial homology and tagmatization
b. a description of the variety of structures of biramous appendages of crustaceans as related to feeding, locomotion and gas
exchange
c. a description of tagmatization, the advantages conferred by tagmatization, and a comparison of tagmatization in crayfish and
insects
Question 3: Insect Flight (25 points)
Describe the origin of insect wings, their structure, and that nature of flight in paleopteran and neopterans. Include in your answer:
a. a description of the modern hypothesis of the origin on wings and the underlying genetic support for this hypothesis
b. a description of the differences and advantages of the musculature of paleopteran and neopteran wings and thorax
c. a description of modifications of the insect body that accommodated extremely high wingbeat frequencies and fast flight
Question 4: Insect Vision (25 points)
Describe the structures and functions of the eyes of insects. Include in your answer:
a. the detailed anatomy of the ommatidia of the compound eyes of insects
b. a description of how insects control brightness
c. a description of how superposition eyes of insects are adapted for flying at night
d. a description of optic cartridges and eccentric cells and how insects form an image in the brain and achieve color vision
References
Immediately following the essay, two lines below the last line of your essay, list all sources used in writing your essay to answer the
question. Do not use in-text citations and do not use footnotes. Simply list your sources in this “References” section. You must have
a References section with at least five references which you have used in preparing your answers: the course textbook, and at least
four additional sources. If you do not include a References section, you will lose 10 points (2 points for each missing source). Be sure
to include the References section with your submission to Turnitin. If you forget, you are able to re-submit until the deadline, but not
after.
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