BOIL 1407 UNT Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Effect on Plants Growth & Productivity Lab I putted all the directions in Lab exercise word doc. The other needed docum

BOIL 1407 UNT Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Effect on Plants Growth & Productivity Lab I putted all the directions in Lab exercise word doc. The other needed documents are also attached. I need to upload some more documents and ppts. FUNGI LAB EXERCISE
Introduction
Below is a link to a Power Point that will give you an introduction this lab exercise. The
introduction will provide you with important context for conducting this lab as well as
clearly identify the objectives for this lab.
•
PowerPoint – Caption for narrations available in the notes section: Link to Fungi Intro Power Point
Materials
For this lab you will need:
•
•
A metric ruler you. If you don’t have one, you can print the file linked here – don’t spend money on this
lab! Just make sure to print at 100% or actual size to ensure the proper measurements.
Making no assumptions about your math abilities, you may require a calculator
Mycorrhizal Associations Exercise
This Learning Module item should open in a new window. If not, then click the link below.
Click to Launch
Plant Data Images
At the following link you will find images that you will use to collect your plant growth and productivity data.
Use them to complete Tables 1 and 2 in your Mycorrhizal Associations Lab Exercise. Note: this material is best
viewed in Power Point or Slides.
•
Link to Plant Data Images Power Point
Mycorrhizal Colonization Images
At the following link you will find images that you will use to collect your mycorrhizal colonization data. Use them
to complete Table 3 in your Mycorrhizal Associations Lab Exercise. There is no need to print this file.
• Link to Mycorrhizal Colonization Images Power Point
ANIMAL MORPHOLOGY LAB EXERCISE
Introduction
Below is a link to a Power Point that will give you an introduction this lab exercise. The
introduction will provide you with important context for conducting this lab as well as
clearly identify the objectives for this lab.
•
PowerPoint – Caption for narrations available in the notes section: Link to Animal Characteristics Intro Power
Point
Materials
For this lab you will need:
•
Not a thing. You’re good to go.
Animal Development Exercise
This Learning Module item should open in a new window. If not, then click the link below.
Click to Launch
ANIMALIA LAB EXERCISE 1 – EARTH WORM & SEA STAR DISSECTION
Introduction
Below is a link to a Power Point that will give you an introduction this lab exercise. The introduction will provide
you with important context for conducting this lab as well as clearly identify the objectives for this lab.
•
Earthworm PowerPoint – Caption for narrations available in the notes section: Link to Earthworm Power Point
•
SeaStar PowerPoint – Caption for narrations available in the notes section: Link to Sea Star Power Point
Materials
For this lab you will need:
•
The lab handout at the link here: Link to lab handout
Part 1- Earthworm dissection
For the first part of this lab
•
•
Complete the virtual earthworm dissection at the link below. Link to virtual dissection
Take notes in your lab handout while completing the dissection.
Part 2 – Sea Star Dissection
Watch the dissection videos below while taking notes in your lab handout.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLCvVBOK6lIHvHf2xqX0p7BMqf32oJsuP9&v=re
OYYBf2G0w&feature=emb_logo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLCvVBOK6lIHvHf2xqX0p7BMqf32oJsuP9&v=PZ
svi-WCaVY&feature=emb_logo
ANIMALIA LAB EXERCISE 2 – FROG DISSECTION
Introduction
Below is a link to a Power Point that will give you an introduction this lab exercise. The introduction will provide
you with important context for conducting this lab as well as clearly identify the objectives for this lab.
• PowerPoint – Caption for narrations available in the notes section: Link to Deuterostomes Intro Power Point
Frog dissection
For the first part of this lab
•
•
Complete the virtual frog dissection video using the link below.
Take notes in your lab handout while completing the dissection. Link to Frog Dissection Lab Handout
Frog Dissection
•
If this item does not open automatically you can open Frog Dissection here
Click to Launch
Watch the interactive virtual dissection and take notes in your lab handout. Make sure you complete the video
and take the quiz at the end of it. The quiz is worth 5 points and will be added to your end of lab assessment
points. You may re-watch and re-take the quiz as many times as you like, only your last attempt will be
recorded.
(PLEASE TAKE NOTE OF THE ANSWER. I WILL TAKE THIS QUIZ.)
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Mycorrhizal associations
Objectives
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Collect and analyze data to determine the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the growth and productivity of
plants
Apply scientific reasoning to investigate questions and utilize scientific tools to collect and analyze data (Texas
ACGM Student Learning Outcomes)
Use critical thinking and scientific problem solving (Texas ACGM Student Learning Outcomes)
Communicate effectively the results of scientific investigations (Texas ACGM Student Learning Outcomes)
Introduction
A mycorrhiza (‘fungus root’) is the structure resulting from a symbiosis between fungi and plant roots. They represent an
almost universal mutualism between terrestrial plant roots and certain soil fungi, the oldest fossil evidence of which is in
the rhizomes of early vascular plants from approximately 400 million years ago.
Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are the most common
mycorrhizal fungi. Once included in the phylum
Zygomycota, these fungi have been reclassified into the
phylum Glomeromycota based on DNA sequencing
evidence. They develop a symbiotic association with
plants by penetrating root cells where they produce
highly branched structures called arbuscules (Figure 1)
that function for water and nutrient exchange between
the plant and the fungus. This increases the effective
surface area of the root, enhancing water and nutrient
uptake and affecting plant growth and yield production.
Figure 1: Arbuscule
The purpose of this activity is to demonstrate the effect of mycorrhizal associations on plant growth and productivity.
You will observe plants grown in the presence of AM fungi and compare them to the growth of control plants grown
under optimal conditions. In this activity plant height and flower production will serve as measures of plant fitness and
counts of arbuscules will be used to determine the degree of mycorrhizal colonization in each treatment.
Hypothesis
Based on what you know about mycorrhizal associations, develop a hypothesis that predicts the relative height and
flower production you expect to see from plants grown in the presence and absence of mycorrhizal fungi.
Procedure
Nine tomato seedlings were germinated and transplanted into three different soil treatments, each containing three
replicate plants. Treatment 1 was inoculated with a full-strength culture containing mycorrhizal spores. Treatment 2 was
inoculated with a half-strength culture and treatment 3 contained sterile soil.
Plants were grown for eight weeks before data collection and harvest. From each plant, 10 random root samples were
obtained and analyzed under the microscope for evidence of mycorrhizal colonization.
Exercise 1.1 – Plant Growth Data
To determine the extent of plant growth in the three treatments over the course of eight weeks, use the “Plant Data
Photos” file to measure the height of each plant to the nearest tenth of a centimeter and record your data in Table 1.
Plant images may either be printed or measured from your computer screen. If you do not have a metric ruler, use the
printable one provided in the eCampus module. After height is recorded for each plant, calculate the average plant
height for each soil treatment.
Table 1
Height – Plant 1
Height – Plant 2
Height – Plant 3
Average Height
Treatment 1
Treatment 2
Treatment 3
Exercise 1.2 – Plant Productivity Data
To determine the productivity and reproductive capacity of the plants in each treatment, use the “Plant Data Photos”
file to count the number of flowers on each plant and record the data in Table 2. After your flower counts are recorded,
calculate the average number of flowers produced in each treatment.
Flower Number –
Plant 1
Table 2
Flower Number –
Plant 2
Flower Number –
Plant 3
Average Flower
Number
Treatment 1
Treatment 2
Treatment 3
Exercise 2 – Mycorrhizal Colonization Data
To determine the extent of mycorrhizal colonization in each treatment, use the “Mycorrhizal Colonization Images” file to
calculate percent root colonization for each treatment. For each plant, analyze the ten random root samples collected
for evidence of colonization. This is determined by the presence or absence of arbuscules within root cells. Count each
root sample photo with evidence of colonization and record your data in Table 3. When your counts are complete, use
the formula below to calculate percent root colonization for each replicate. The first replicate for treatment 1 has been
completed for you. After the % root colonization for each plant has been determined, calculate the average %
colonization for each treatment.
number of colonized samples
% root colonization =
x 100
total number of samples
: % =
Plant 1

= %

Plant 2
Table 3
Colonized
samples
% root
colonization
T1
8
80%
Colonized
samples
Plant 3
% root
colonization
Colonized
samples
% root
Average %
colonization colonization
T2
T3
Exercise 3 – Data Analysis
In this exercise, you will create graphs to help you determine whether there is a correlation between the extent of
mycorrhizal colonization and plant growth and productivity. Using the data you calculated in the previous exercises,
graph the average % colonization by average plant height for each treatment in Figure 2. Then, graph the average %
colonization by average flower number for each treatment in Figure 3. You should create a point on each graph
representing each treatment and then connect them with a line. When your graphs are complete, analyze them for any
trends or relationships between the data.
AVERAGE PLANT HEIGHT (CM)
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AVERAGE % COLONIZATION
Figure 2 Graph of average plant height versus average percent colonization
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AVERAGE FLOWER NUMBER
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AVERAGE % COLONIZATION
Figure 3 Graph of average flower number versus average percent colonization
Summary Questions
1. Which of the three soil treatments would be considered the control treatment?
2. Identify the dependent and independent variables in this experiment. Remember, the independent variable is the
one that is changed or controlled in an experiment. The dependent variable is the one that is tested or measured. It
responds to the independent variable.
3. Based on the data you collected, which soil treatment produced plants with the most growth? Which produced plants
with the least growth? Were these results consistent with your results for flower production? If so, how might these
results be related?
4. Crop scientists are often concerned with effects on yield. This is a measure of the amount of agricultural food product
that can be produced from a given area of land. Explain how the number of flowers produced could be used as
indication of future crop yield.
5. This exercise has illustrated how plants benefit from their mutualism with mycorrhizal fungi. What do the fungi
receive in return? How does the health of the plant further benefit the fungus?
6. How could you apply what you’ve learned in this exercise to create a more sustainable home or community garden?
(Use outside sources)
Frog Dissection
Procedure Complete the frog dissection simulation online and use the images/tables below to take notes during
the simulation.
Label the external parts of the frog below.
Label the internal parts of the frog below.
Fill in the function of each of the frog’s organs in the table below.
Organ
Bladder
Cloaca
Fat bodies
Gall bladder
Heart
Kidneys
Large intestine
Liver
Lungs
Ovaries
Oviducts
Pancreas
Spleen
Stomach
Small Intestine
Function
Notes
Earth Worm & Sea Star Dissections
Objectives:
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Observe external and internal anatomy
Locate and identify organs within the earthworm and sea stars
Describe the appearance of various organs with the earthworm and sea stars
Explain function of the organs with the earthworm and sea stars
Introduction:
The purpose of this lab is to discover the evolution of animal anatomy by comparing the internal
anatomy of various animals in order of their evolution. Earth worms are the first animal to exhibit
segmentation in their body. While sea stars are the first of 2 deuterostomes to be dissected in this unit.
Part I Earth worm Dissection:
Procedure Complete the earthworm dissection simulation online and use the images/tables below to take notes
during the simulation.
Label the external parts of the earthworm below.
Label the internal parts of the earthworm below.
Fill in the function of each of the earthworms organs in the table below.
Organ
Aortic Arches
Brain
Crop
Esophagus
Ganglia
Gizzard
Intestine
Mouth Cavity
Nephridia
Pharynx
Seminal Receptacles
Seminal Vesicles
Ventral Nerve Cord
Function
Notes
Part II Sea Star Dissection:
Procedure Watch the sea star dissection videos online and use the images/tables below to take notes during the
videos.
Label the internal parts of the sea star below.
Pyloric Stomach
Pyloric
Stomach
Pyloric Stomach
Pyloric
Stomach
Pyloric
Stomach
Fill in the function of each of the sea star’s organs in the table below.
Organ
Anus
Ampulla
Cardiac Stomach
Central Disk
Digestive Glands
Gonads
Madreporite
Pyloric Stomach
Radial Canal
Ring Canal
Tube feet
Function
Notes

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