CRIM 209 DePaul University Crime and Punishment Research Paper CRIME & PUNISHMENT RESEARCH PAPER I. ASSIGNMENT Select one of the prompts in Section V and

CRIM 209 DePaul University Crime and Punishment Research Paper CRIME & PUNISHMENT RESEARCH PAPER I. ASSIGNMENT

Select one of the prompts in Section V and write a research essay of no less than 1500 and no more than 2500 words that addresses the questions that the prompt raises.

The paper should be a combination of Exposition and Argumentation. Exposition should always serve Argumentation. a. Exposition seeks to explain the concepts, claims, analyses, and arguments of authoritative sources. Exposition provides detailed, accurate, and precise definitions and explanations of the central concepts, issues, and claims (using, where helpful, relevant examples) [Definition/Explanation]. Exposition also breaks the theory, principle, or issue under discussion down into its relevant parts and explains the connections between the parts clearly and accurately [Analysis]. Finally, Exposition successfully integrates all the relevant parts of the theory, principle, or issue under discussion into a clear and coherent account [Synthesis].

b. Argumentation seeks to establish or prove a thesis. Argumentation lays out a series of ideas or claims that are linked together. Argumentation explains how one idea (or set thereof) leads to another idea (or set), that is, how they are linked together, and how this series of steps in thought lead, either necessarily or probabilistically (that is, more likely than not), to a conclusion that is the thesis or position for which the paper is arguing.

IV. SOURCES/CITATIONS The paper may use the sources that have been assigned for the class or that we have access to through the readings provided in the course. Though this is not required due to the current pandemic restrictions, the paper may also make use of sources beyond those we have read or have had access to through the course. a.

Number of Sources: There is no set number of required sources.

The paper should use as many sources as the topic requires and that can be accessed online. Use Google Scholar.

b. Citation Method: Footnotes, Endnotes, or Author/Date are all acceptable. The paper may use citation formats laid out in the Chicago Manual of Style/Turabian, the American Psychological Association (APA) Style, Modern Language Association (MLA) Style, or any other citation method by which the source can be identified and tracked back to its original publication.

V. RESEARCH PAPER PROMPTS 1. State and explain the Consequentialist justification of punishment. What are the criticisms of this theory made by the Retributivist and Restorative traditions? Do you agree or disagree with these critiques? State and explain the reasons why or why not. 2. Compare and contrast Wacquant and Gilmore on the relationship of incarceration and race. Specifically, what, according to Wacquant, is the role that racial ostracization plays in the practice of imprisonment? What role does racism play in Gilmore’s explanation of incarceration? Which, if either, account do you find more persuasive? State and explain the reasons that lead to your judgment. 3. Foucault claims that the same set of techniques of normalization or disciplinary power are at work in schools, workplaces, hospitals, and prisons. Explain what these techniques are and then show how they can be said to define modern educational, economic, healthcare, and punitive spaces. Do you agree with Foucault’s claim in full, in part, or not at all? State and explain the reasons that lead to your position.

I attached the original file on the requirements and two other readings that can be used in the paper. PHL / CRIM 209: CRIME & PUNISHMENT
RESEARCH PAPER
I. ASSIGNMENT
Select one of the prompts in Section V and write a research essay of no less than 1500 and no more than 2500 words
that addresses the questions that the prompt raises.
The Research Paper counts for 30% of the final course grade.
II. DEADLINE
Monday, June 15th, 2020, by no later than 12:00 PM (Noon) CDT, via D2L Submission Folder
III. EXPECTATIONS/GRADING RUBRIC
The paper should be a combination of Exposition and Argumentation. Exposition should always serve
Argumentation.
a.
Exposition seeks to explain the concepts, claims, analyses, and arguments of authoritative sources.
Exposition provides detailed, accurate, and precise definitions and explanations of the central concepts,
issues, and claims (using, where helpful, relevant examples) [Definition/Explanation]. Exposition also
breaks the theory, principle, or issue under discussion down into its relevant parts and explains the
connections between the parts clearly and accurately [Analysis]. Finally, Exposition successfully integrates
all the relevant parts of the theory, principle, or issue under discussion into a clear and coherent account
[Synthesis].
b.
Argumentation seeks to establish or prove a thesis. Argumentation lays out a series of ideas or claims that
are linked together. Argumentation explains how one idea (or set thereof) leads to another idea (or set), that
is, how they are linked together, and how this series of steps in thought lead, either necessarily or
probabilistically (that is, more likely than not), to a conclusion that is the thesis or position for which the
paper is arguing.
IV. SOURCES/CITATIONS
The paper may use the sources that have been assigned for the class or that we have access to through the readings
provided in the course. Though this is not required due to the current pandemic restrictions, the paper may also
make use of sources beyond those we have read or have had access to through the course.
a.
Number of Sources: There is no set number of required sources. The paper should use as many sources as
the topic requires and that can be accessed online. Use Google Scholar, the Philosopher’s Index
(https://libguides.depaul.edu/philosophy), or the Sociology Collection
(https://libguides.depaul.edu/sociology) to identify and access relevant secondary literature on the topic
selected.
b.
Citation Method: Footnotes, Endnotes, or Author/Date are all acceptable. The paper may use citation
formats laid out in the Chicago Manual of Style/Turabian, the American Psychological Association (APA)
Style, Modern Language Association (MLA) Style, or any other citation method by which the source can
be identified and tracked back to its original publication.
V. RESEARCH PAPER PROMPTS
1.
State and explain the Consequentialist justification of punishment. What are the criticisms of this theory
made by the Retributivist and Restorative traditions? Do you agree or disagree with these critiques? State
and explain the reasons why or why not.
2.
Compare and contrast Wacquant and Gilmore on the relationship of incarceration and race. Specifically,
what, according to Wacquant, is the role that racial ostracization plays in the practice of imprisonment?
What role does racism play in Gilmore’s explanation of incarceration? Which, if either, account do you
find more persuasive? State and explain the reasons that lead to your judgment.
3.
Foucault claims that the same set of techniques of normalization or disciplinary power are at work in
schools, workplaces, hospitals, and prisons. Explain what these techniques are and then show how they can
be said to define modern educational, economic, healthcare, and punitive spaces. Do you agree with
Foucault’s claim in full, in part, or not at all? State and explain the reasons that lead to your position.
GOLDEN GULAG
AMERICAN CROSSROADS
EDITED BY EARL LEWIS, GEORGE LIPSITZ, PEGGY PASCOE, GEORGE SÁNCHEZ,
AND DANA TAKAGI
GOLDEN GULAG
PRISONS, SURPLUS, CRISIS, AND OPPOSITION IN GLOBALIZING CALIFORNIA
RUTH WILSON GILMORE
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
B E R KE LEY
LOS ANG E LES
LON DON
University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world
by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu.
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
London, England
© 2007 by
The Regents of the University of California
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gilmore, Ruth Wilson, 1950–.
Golden gulag : prisons, surplus, crisis, and opposition in
globalizing California / Ruth Wilson Gilmore.
p.
cm—(American crossroads ; 21).
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn-13: 978-0-520-22256-4 (cloth : alk. paper)
isbn-10: 0-520-22256-3 (cloth : alk. paper)
isbn-13: 978-0-520-24201-2 (pbk. : alk. paper)
isbn-10: 0-520-24201-7 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Prisons—California. 2. Prisons—Economic
aspects—California. 3. Imprisonment—California.
4. Criminal justice, Administration of—California.
5. Discrimination in criminal justice administration—California.
6. Minorities—California. 7. California—Economic conditions.
I. Title. II. Series.
HV9475.C2G73 2007
365′.9794—dc22
2006011674
Manufactured in the United States of America
15 14 13 12
11 10 9 8 7 6 5
This book is printed on New Leaf EcoBook 60, containing 60%
postconsumer waste, processed chlorine free; 30% de-inked recycled
fiber, elemental chlorine free; and 10% FSC-certified virgin fiber, totally chlorine free. EcoBook 60 is acid free and meets the minimum
requirements of ansi/astm d 5634–01 (Permanence of Paper).1
FOR MY MOTHER, RUTH ISABEL HERB WILSON
AND IN LOVING MEMORY OF MY FATHER, COURTLAND SEYMOUR WILSON
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CONTENTS
List of Illustrations / i x
List of Tables / x i
Acknowledgments / x i i i
List of Abbreviations / x x i
prologue: The Bus / 1
1. Introduction / 5
2. The California Political Economy / 3 0
3. The Prison Fix / 87
4. Crime, Croplands, and Capitalism / 1 2 8
5. Mothers Reclaiming Our Children / 1 8 1
6. What Is to Be Done? / 2 4 1
epilogue: Another Bus / 2 4 9
Notes / 2 5 3
Bibliography and References / 2 8 1
Index / 3 5 5
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ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURES
1. California crime index, 1952–1995 / 8
2. Revised California crime index, 1952–2000 / 9
3. Defense prime contracts and manufacturing jobs,
1972–1992 / 4 4
4. Population growth by region, 1980–1990 / 47
5. Growth in the ratio of property/proprietors’ (profit) income
to total income, 1977–1996 / 5 9
6. Rise in interest income as a percentage of property/proprietors’ income and decline in the prime rate, 1980–1989 / 6 1
7. California farmland and irrigated land, in millions of acres,
1945–1987 / 6 6
8. Votes cast for governor and general fund expenditures,
1978–1994 / 8 5
MAP
California state adult prisons / 1 0
ix
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TABLES
1. Employees in Principal California Manufacturing Industries, 1980–1995 / 5 1
2. California Population, Labor Force, Jobs, Unemployment,
and Prisoners, 1973–2000 / 73
3. Three Waves of Structural Change in Sources of California
Tax Revenues, 1967–1989 / 8 2
4. CDC Prisoner Population by Race/Ethnicity / 1 1 1
5. CDC Commitments by Controlling Offense / 1 1 2
6. Mechanization of Cotton Production, 1940–1980 / 1 4 1
7. Overview of Kings County Agriculture, 1982–1992 / 1 4 4
8. Annual Change in Corcoran Housing Stock and Vacancy
Rate, Selected Years / 1 5 9
xi
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Golden Gulag is a late first book—late in my life, late to the press,
and so late in the twentieth century that it appears well into the
twenty-first. In some ways, the contents are old news, but alas not
old enough to have become mere bad memories or the stuff of
history to learn from. Over the years, as I’ve wrestled with the
questions and evidence that shape the book, I’ve had so much
help from so many people that this section of the volume should,
by rights, be longer than any chapter and contain far more entries
than the bibliography. However, well into my second halfcentury on this troubled planet, I’m as forgetful as I am indebted—and hopeful that if you don’t find your name here,
you’ll forgive the oversight. And may all, named or not, excuse
the errors.
Poor Neil Smith. As Geography Department chair at Rutgers,
he generously accepted a cranky middle-aged activist packing a
couple of drama degrees and a headful of social theory to be his
Ph.D. student and got plenty of drama in return. He also made
me think systematically about society and space, accepted my for-
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AC K N OW LE D G M E N TS
mulation for what happened, why, and to what end—and then
made me prove it to him, revision after revision, in my dissertation. We fought a lot. We also celebrated often, and I’m grateful
to Neil and to Cindi Katz for embracing both Gilmores the moment we arrived at New Brunswick, for wining and dining and
throwing parties for us for four years, and making me a scholaractivist.
At Rutgers, Professors Leela Fernandes, Dorothy Sue Cobble,
Bob Lake, Ann Markusen, Susan Fainstein, John Gillis, and
Caridad Souza taught me to work across disciplines; Leela, in
particular, models the analytical courage interdisciplinarity demands. I hope Susan will accept this book in lieu of the paper I
owe her.
When I headed off to Rutgers, my Los Angeles compañeras—
especially Theresa Allison, Geri Silva, Pauline Milner, and
Donna Warren—in Mothers Reclaiming Our Children wished
me well, and they always welcomed me back to the fold—expecting me always to bring useful knowledge and help make
their knowledge useful.
A coalition sparked by Mothers ROC and Families to Amend
California’s Three Strikes (FACTS) expanded statewide thanks
to the relentless energy of Geri Silva, Gail Blackwell, Barbara
Brooks, Sue Rheams, Claudia Marriott, Julia Gonzales, Mary
Avanti, Doug Kieso, Dennis Duncan, Carmen Ewell, and
Christy Johnson, among many other tireless people.
My capacity to think theoretically, but speak practically, I owe
to the stern sisterly tutelage of my Wages for Housework mentors, Margaret Prescod and Selma James.
Without Mike Davis there would be no Golden Gulag. He
shared ideas, research, and resources, pointed me toward Moth-
AC K N OW LE D G M E N TS
xv
ers ROC and Corcoran, asked plenty of great questions, read the
manuscript thoroughly, and also showed me the practical connections between analytical, political, and pedagogical creativity.
Years ago, when neither of us had a proper job, we shook our
graying heads in dismay at a future of endless adjuncting. Now
we both have steady jobs; who knew?
George Lipsitz, Dave Roediger, Robin D. G. Kelley, Don
Mitchell, Beth Richie, Ed Soja, Audrey Kobayashi, Andrea
Smith, Lauren Berlant, Lakshman Yapa, Cindi Katz, Greg
Hooks, Amy Kaplan, George Sánchez, Chris Newfield, Fred
Moten, Devra Weber, Barbara Christian, Bruce Franklin, Angela Y. Davis, Wendy Brown, Cathy Cohen, Judith Butler, Wahneema Lubiano, Steve Martinot, Joy James, Linda Evans, Cheryl
Harris, Joan Dayan, Mike Merrill, Paul Gilroy, Vron Ware,
Peter Linebaugh, Bobby Wilson, Cedric Robinson, Elizabeth
Robinson, Agnes Moreland Jackson, Sue E. Houchins, Deborah
Santana (who set me straight on my working title “Sunshine
Gulag” and suggested “Golden,” lest anyone think the book was
about Florida), and, more than anyone, A. Sivanandan and Stuart Hall indelibly influenced how I think: each fiercely demonstrates how learning well is a generous art.
During graduate school, we students—Laura Liu, Rachel
Herzing, John Antranig Kasbarian, Curtis Frietag, Melina Patterson, Lisa Lynch, Alex Weheliye (who made me think about
land!), Yong-Sook Lee, Marlen Llanes, Nicole Cousino, and
Ralph Saunders—formed communities of purpose that still bind
us in our commitment to live the change.
I’d never have spent a minute, much less six years, at Berkeley were it not for the interventions, encouragement, friendship,
and mentoring of Dick Walker, Gill Hart, and Carol Stack. I also
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AC K N OW LE D G M E N TS
had the fortune to share work-in-progress with amazing colleagues—Jean Lave, Pedro Noguera, Dan Perlstein, Barrie
Thorne, Harley Shaiken, Allan Pred, Evelyn Nakano Glenn,
Elaine Kim, Michael Omi, Pat Hilden, José David Saldívar, Jeff
Romm, John Hurst, Caren Kaplan, and my dearest Cal pal Kurt
Cuffey. Delores Dillard, Jahleezah Eskew, Nat Vonnegut, Carol
Page, and Dan Plumlee made life easy for the bureaucratically
challenged and, along with Don Bain and Darin Jensen, prove
that staff are the backbone and conscience of academia.
The students of Carceral Geographies at Berkeley dutifully
studied the manuscript and, integrating their readings with ambitious fieldwork, concluded every fall semester with group research projects full of excellent evidence and surprising insights.
The embarrassment of riches of wonderful Berkeley graduate
students who inspired and challenged me around many a seminar table include Clem Lai, Dylan Rodriguez, Frank Wilderson,
Micia Mosely, Judith Kafka, Sora Han, Sara Clarke Kaplan,
Mark Hunter, Priya Kandaswamy, Nari Rhee, Jenna Loyd,
Ethan Johnson, Chris Neidt, Wendy Cheng, Kysa Nygreen,
Juan DeLara, Judy Han, Trevor Paglen, Jen Casolo, Brinda
Sarathy, Joe Bryan, Sylvia Chan, Amanda LaShaw, Kiko
Casique, and Kirstie Dorr.
With patience, brilliance, and skill, four research assistants—
Nari Rhee, Dana Kaplan, Ari Wohlfeiler, Pete Spannagle—
moved the work forward.
Many exemplary people made research possible, especially the
research librarians at Alexander Library at Rutgers and the University Research Library at UCLA. Two print journalists, Dan
Morain of the Los Angeles Times, and Jeannette Todd of the Corcoran Journal, gave me time and insights; Morain’s exemplary
AC K N OW LE D G M E N TS
xvii
work on California prisons is a starting point for any serious student of the subject, as is the investigative reporting by Mark Arax
and Mark Gladstone. Public servants Don Pauley of Corcoran,
Melissa Harriman of Avenal, Ed Tewes of Modesto, and Bernie
Orozco of the now defunct Joint Legislative Committee on
Prison Construction and Operation provided crucial guidance
without hesitation. Paula Burbach at the California Department
of Corrections cheerfully responded to inquiries.
Some of the research for this book received support from a
Center for the Critical Analysis of Contemporary Culture graduate fellowship; a Ford dissertation fellowship; a University of
California at Berkeley chancellor’s postdoctoral fellowship; and
fellowships from the University of California Humanities Research Institute and the Open Society Institute.
At the University of California Humanities Research Institute, Angela Y. Davis, Gina Dent, David Theo Goldberg, Sandra
Baringer, Nancy Scheper-Hughes, and Avery Gordon engaged
in spirited collaborative study and fieldwork; we have a book to
make from that experience.
American Studies and Ethnicity at the University of Southern
California is a dream job. I am especially grateful to George
Sánchez, Laura Pulido, and Fred Moten for friendship and mentoring, to all my colleagues for their trust, and to Sonia Rodriguez, Kitty Lai, and Sandra Jones—along with Billie Shotlow
and Onita Morgan-Edwards in Geography—for their skillful
and good-humored staffing.
I’ve shared parts of this work with many scholars whose sharp
insights rapidly improved my thinking, thanks to the support of
sponsoring institutions: the National University of Singapore,
University of Washington, University of Chicago, the University
xviii
AC K N OW LE D G M E N TS
of Texas at Austin, Johns Hopkins, the Claremont Colleges,
Scripps College, Queens University (CAN), UC Irvine, the Society for Cultural Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, the
Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation, the Social Science Research Council, New York University, City University of New
York, UCLA, the Brecht Forum, Brown, and Yale.
And then there’s the generosity of activists—a constant caring
regard for doing things both right and well. The principal organizations I work in and depend on are the California Prison
Moratorium Project, Critical Resistance, and the Central California Environmental Justice Network. In these and other
groups, many thanks to Tom Quinn, Catherine Campbell, the
late Holbrook Teter, Michelle Foy, Sarah Jarmon, Ellen Barry,
Bo Brown, Karen Shain, Peter Wagner, Brigette Sarabi, Tracy
Huling, Kevin Pranis, Dorsey Nunn, Eddie Ellis, Naomi Swinton, Joe Kaye, Ajulo Othow, Naneen Karraker, Laura Magnani,
Jason Ziedenberg, Deborah Peterson Small, Jonathan Wilson,
Lois Ahrens, John Mataka, Rosenda Mataka, Sandra Meraz,
Yedithza Vianey Nuñez, Joe Morales, Luke Cole, Bradley
Angel, Jason Glick, Amy Vanderwarker, Lani Riccobuono, Debbie Reyes, Leonel Flores, Dana Kaplan, Ari Wohlfeiler, Rachel
Herzing, and the activist’s activist Rose Braz.
At the University of California Press, Linda Norton and
Monica McCormick did everything possible to move this book
into print . . . and Niels Hooper did the impossible. Suzanne
Knott and Peter Dreyer are patient and thorough editors who
taught me a lot about writing to be read.
My brothers, Courtland, Peter, and Jon, and their families,
have waited impatiently, as have my friends who are so close as
to be fictive kin: Howard Singerman, Janet Ray, Brackette
AC K N OW LE D G M E N TS
xix
Williams, Allen Feldman, Barbara Harlow, Sid Lemelle, Salima
Lemelle, Salim Lemelle, the late and always missed Glen
Thompson, Rachel Herzing, Avery Gordon, Chris Newfield,
Laura Liu, Clyde Woods, Mike Murashige, Laura Pulido, Julia
Gonzales, Annie Blum, and Rose Braz helped me develop my capacities, while demanding, singly and in chorus: “Write it down!
Send it in!”
My great regret is that my late father, Courtland Seymour
Wilson, tireless activist, self-educated working-class intellectual,
honest man, won’t have this book on his towering stack of things
to read next; he and my beautiful mother, Ruth Isabel Herb Wilson, sent me out young to do antiracist work, let me be a reader
and dreamer, and always welcomed their prodigal daughter
home. Finally, my husband and best friend, Craig Gilmore,
should be listed as co-author of this book; so much of the thinking, and more than half the suffering of it, was his.
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ABBREVIATIONS
AICCU
BJS
BPP
BRC
CCPOA
CDC
CDF
CDF-CEI
CEZ
CO
DOD
EDD
ERC
xxi
Association of Independent California Colleges
and Universities
Federal Bureau of Justice Statistics
Black Panther Party
California Blue Ribbon Commission on Inmate
Population and Management
California Correctional Peace Officers Association
California Department of Corrections
California Department of Finance
California Department of Finance, California
Economic Indicators
California enterprise zone
corrections officer; prison guard
Department of Defense
California Employment Development Department
Equal Rights Congress
xxii
A B B R E V I AT I O N S
FACTS
FIRE
GOB
GSP
JfJ
JLCPCO
LAO
LAPD
LRB
LULUs
MAPA
Mothers ROC
NAIRU
NIMBY
PIA
PRCC
ROC
SPWB
UFW
Families to Amend California’s Three Strikes
finance, insurance, and real estate sector
general obligation bond
gross state product
Justice for Janitors
Joint Legislative Committee on Prison Construction and Operations
California Legislative Analyst’s Office
Los Angeles Police Department
lease revenue bond
locally unwanted land uses
Mexican American Political Alliance
Mothers Reclaiming Our Children
non-accelerating…
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