Psychology Essay (need to have SPSS software for statistic analysis

I have attached the 2 assignments briefs and some extra papers that might be useful to complete the assignment.  This is a research report which required some work on SPSS which I have done, I will forward you my SPSS sheet in the next email.  The due date is on the 5th of March if you can send me a day before or even on the 5th in the morning I wouldn’t. The word count is 1500  and you will be able to find more information about it on the assignment brief.  I can provide more information files to help you if needed. If you have any further questions or if you need more papers from me to let me know, please.

 

Title Page: The Calculations of Rental Property Cash Flow

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Introduction:

Understanding the factors of the calculation of the cash flow of rental property is important to a new real estate investor. Individuals who are looking to invest in a rental real estate business are concerned about whether the risks they are taking will pay off as all-new investors do. Rental properties cash flow could be either negative or positive. New real estate investors must do a lot of research on a property before they purchase it to avoid the mistake of getting themselves into negative cash flow. The factors the must be considered by investors are the following:

• Location
• Property type
• Vacancy rate
• Maintenance expense
• Taxes and utilities expense

It is important for new real estate investors must have an accurate evaluation of all these factors. It will show them whether the property has a positive or negative cash flow.

Location must be Considered by New Investors

Location is one of the important factors that should be considered by all new real estate investors. In the article Real Estate Rental Market Analysis, Carol Deeb states, before an investment of a rental property, one must a “include a rental the market analysis” to evaluate the factors of finding the market rate that landlords can charges tenant. This is one of the most important steps for a new investor. It helps the investor avoid making a mistake during a purchase to due uncertainty. In the article: How to invest in rental property, Lesiba Mooka says “a property in the right location for the right target market can be a worthwhile buy-to-let investment.” This means certain tenants have a higher demand for a certain location, and when you have the right property in the right place, you made the right investment. This is true because most families look for a location where they have a reasonable distance to commute to work. Tenants with children might look for a location near a park and public school. Investment property near a college campus will most likely attract students in college.  New investors must consider location before the purchase of investment property in determining market value and demand.

Important factors Property type

Property type is another important factor to consider before the purchase of an investment property. All new rental property investment must look at the right type of property. In the article: Multifamily Investment Strategies: Does Property Class and Market Type Matter? show the benefits of investing in multifamily. It is stated in the article that “multifamily assets historically provide strong income and appreciation returns”. This is true because multifamily properties are two units or more that will cover property expenses and in providing positive cash flow. In the article, The Investment No-Brainer: Single-Family Rentals or Multifamily? Comparing between single-family and multifamily homes, Jerry Chautin says that Jerry Chautin “Purchasing single rental units is not the better option.” It is true that multifamily generates more income because there are at least two tenants paying rent each month. With multifamily, even if one unit becomes vacant, the other will provide income until that other becomes occupied.                                      Vacancy Rate

Another factor that is very important to consider become a purchase of an investment property is the vacancy rate. In the article Calculating Loss to Lease and Effective Gross Income, it is stated that “Property can be physically vacant or suffer from economic vacancy.” A vacant property is one that is not occupied by any tenant. According to Liz Brumer-Smith, two ways to calculate vacancy rate is “as an average showing the amount of time the rental unit(s) remain unoccupied, or a current vacancy rate, which shows the current number of un-rented units. This is typically calculated on an annual basis and is shown as a percentage.” Three types of vacancy rate include:

• Physical vacancy rate
• Economical vacancy rate
• Market average

Before an investment of a rental property, a new investor should consider doing research on the vacancy rate of the property. This information can be found in a survey conducted by the U.S Census Bureau. A low vacancy rate is good because that means the property is in high demand for that property. New investors should consider researching the vacancy rate to ensure that they invest in low vacancy rate property. This helps an investor estimate whether the property has a positive or negative cash flow.

Maintenance expense

Maintenance Expense is another factor that should be consider by individual seeking to invest into rental property.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Work Cited

1.Deeb, Carol. “Real Estate Rental Market Analysis.” Small Business – Chron.com, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/real-estate-rental-market-analysis-40177.html. Accessed 23 April 2020.

2.Ndweni, Buhle. “How to Invest in Rental Property.” Finweek, Feb. 2016, pp. 40–41. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=113229183&site=ehost-live.

3.Harris, Joshua A. “Multifamily Investment Strategies: Does Property Class and Market Type Matter?” Real Estate Finance (Aspen Publishers Inc.), vol. 34, no. 1, Summer 2017, pp. 3–14. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=123453473&site=ehost-live.

4.“The Investment No-Brainer: Single-Family Rentals or Multifamily?” Units, vol. 38, no. 12, Dec. 2014, p. 28. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=100713044&site=ehost-live.

5.Brumer-Smith, Liz. “How to Calculate the Vacancy Rate for a Rental Property?” Millionacres,                                                                      https://www.fool.com/millionacres/real-estate-basics/articles/how-calculate-vacancy-rate-rental-property/

Introduction to Research Methods:

 

Assessment 1

 

2019-2020

 

 

 

 

 

Overview

 

The aims of the assessment are to give you the opportunity to carry out a piece of research and to write up a psychology report.

 

The assessment is weighted 50% of the marks on this module. The word length is 1500 words. The report should be word-processed using a clearly legible font and font size for example Arial 12pt. You should include page numbers and a total word count. The word count should only count words used in the main body of your assignment. Please see the later section on Word Count for more detail.

 

What do I have to do?

 

During the seminar in Week 7 you are invited complete a survey containing a number of questions and tasks. You will later be given access to the dataset and asked to examine whether there is a relationship between any two of the variables measured. We will include some demographic questions but you should not pick age or gender as one of your variables. You will then be asked to write up your findings in a research report.

 

What is a research report?

 

A research report is a standardised way to communicate our research. This standardised format broadly follows the process of research which makes reading the report easier and allows the reader to refer quickly to any specific sections. It also means that the reader has an expectation of what will be in the report overall and what will be in each section so you don’t need to start any section by explaining what you will be talking about there. Since replication is often desirable it is important that the report provides a sufficiently detailed account of what was done. While the structure of a report may vary across disciplines and approaches, the format given below is the one used in reporting quantitative psychology experiments.

 

We recommend that you read some research reports from peer reviewed psychology journals to get a feel for the format and style that you should use.

 

 

Research report – structure

 

You will be assessed your ability to write a report which conforms the guidelines below. Please use the section headings and subheadings provided below:

 

Title at the start but no need to give it a header of “Title”

Abstract

Introduction

Method

Design:

Participants:

Materials:

Procedure

Ethics:

Results

Discussion

References

Appendices

Appendix A:

Appendix B:

Appendix C:

 

More explanation of each section is given below.

Title

It is important that your title describes accurately what your study is about. In order to ensure this, make sure that you include information concerning the key variables included and what their relationship is. If it is important you should mention the population studied. Commonly used phrases include ‘the relationship between X and Y’, ‘X-based differences in Y’, ‘the effect of X on Y’, which are used for a correlation, comparison and a causal relationship respectively. The APA recommend that your title be no longer than 12 words.

 

Abstract

The abstract provides a brief summary of the study including the context of the study, the hypotheses, the sample, methods, results and any key implications of the findings. It should allow readers to quickly review the main points and purpose of the study. Avoid citing papers in the abstract unless it is particularly important to do so. The abstract should be 100-200 words long.

 

When reporting the results in the abstract do not refer to specific software or statistical techniques unless there is a particular reason to so (e.g. new or unusual techniques). Simply state the headline finding e.g. a significant [direction] effect of X on Y, a [strength] [direction] significant correlation between X and Y. Avoid general statements at the end of the abstract. Space is limited and your reader expects that limitations and future directions will be discussed. What is the key take home message here?

Introduction, i.e. What are we studying and Why is it important?

 

Here we set the scene for our study. It should answer the following important questions:

 

• What is the phenomena under investigation?
• Why is it of interest to psychologists?
• What do we already know?
  • What are the key psychological theories?
  • What is the evidence for and against those theories?
• What is the specific research question for this study?
• What is your experimental hypothesis?

 

Through answering these questions the introduction provides information about what we are looking at, how we define our constructs, what previous literature has to say about our area of interest, what is missing from previous research and why should we care to fill the gap.  Usually, it has an inverted triangle shape, starting with general information and definition of the area of interest and key constructs, followed by an overview of the more relevant research, identification of gap. At the end of the introduction you should formulate a research question and state a hypothesis (or hypotheses) which explicitly state(s) what you expected to find on the basis of the prior literature.

 

Please see indicative readings on Blackboard for some background to the topic.

 

Method, i.e. How have we done it?

The methods section is a detailed description of how the study was carried out providing enough detail to allow replication.

 

You should divide your methods section in to the following sub-sections:

 

Design:

What type of study is this (correlational, experimental, between subject, within subject, cross-sectional, longitudinal, etc…). You should identify the variables of interest.

 

Participants:

Who took part in the study? This includes demographic information as below:

 

• Age (mean, standard deviation, range)
• Gender
• Education (e.g. 1^st year undergraduate psychology students)

 

Make sure that you report any missing data. For example if some participants do not fill in their age. In addition you should include details on recruitment (volunteers, paid, class credit?) and allocation to conditions if appropriate

 

Materials:

What did you use in your experiment? Was it a pen and paper questionnaire? A computer-based task?

 

The level of description that you need will vary according to the experimental protocol. For a questionnaire study you should describe the scale(s) used in your report including information on scoring and an example question. How were the individual questions scored? How was an overall score taken from individual questions? What did that score mean e.g. scoring high on the trait of extraversion would mean that an individual is outgoing and a low score would mean that they are not. This is important for interpretation. Try to think about the appropriate level of detail here, you do not need to say that a pen was used rather than a pencil.

 

Procedure:

Here you should describe the way in which data was collected from participants from the point of recruitment to the end of the experimental protocol. Again you should consider what an appropriate level of detail is. Please have a look at some journal articles to get a sense of this.

Ethics:

Here you should briefly describe what types of ethical concerns are raised by your study and how they were addressed. Please refer to the BPS code of conduct here.

 

https://www.bps.org.uk/news-and-policy/bps-code-ethics-and-conduct

 

 

 

Results i.e. What have we found?

 

This section is very important, it provides the evidence for accepting or rejecting the null hypothesis. It should be brief and to the point while providing enough detail for the reader to understand the results presented. Interpretation of the results should be saved for the discussion.

 

For your report you should explain your data screening and test selection followed by the results of your inferential tests in standard APA format. Remember that statistical significance or reliability is important in assessing what our results mean. As of 6^th edition the APA encourage us to report exact p values when reporting statistical significance. The exception to this is when SPSS returns a value of “.000” in which case you should use p<.001.

 

You should be consistent in your use of terminology as well as any abbreviations.

 

Sometimes the results of your analyses are more easily understood when presented in a table or figure. Sometimes they are not useful. Consider whether a table or figure is making your results clearer to the reader. If you use tables or figures (e.g. graphs) then you should refer to them sequentially as they appear in the text. So Table 1, Table 2, etc. or Figure 1, Figure 2, etc. as appropriate. Each table or figure should have a title explaining what it shows. Do not repeat the same data in different tables.

 

DO NOT just cut and paste tables from SPSS, they aren’t very good and are not in APA format. You should also bear in mind that if you want to use graphs from SPSS you may need to use the graph editor to get them into an appropriate state for use in your results section. Remember that the graph needs to be clearly understandable without referring to the rest of your SPSS output so make sure the x and y axis each have a meaningful label which is consistent with the rest of your results section.

 

When reporting statistical results in text make sure that you use the correct APA format for this. Advice on how to do this will be given in seminars.

Discussion i.e. So what?

 

This section summarises the key findings of the study in the context of the research question outlined in your introduction. It starts by stating whether the null hypothesis was rejected or not and then relates this finding to the information presented in the introduction as well as any other past research which has become relevant due to the findings. Introducing new literature would most usually happen when your results do not support the experimental hypothesis. Any important limitations of this particular study should be identified and implications for future research should be discussed. When discussing limitations it is best to stick to ones which are relevant and important to this study in particular. It is usual to finish with a concluding paragraph which summarises the main findings and their key implications.

 

 

References

 

A list of all the primary sources cited in the paper. You should only list primary sources that you have cited. It is not a Bibliography. In APA style the list should be presented in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author of each paper. Remember to:

• Follow APA style for formatting your references
• Check that all the work you refer to in the text is listed in your reference list and vice versa.

It is important to refer to the library resources for citation and referencing

http://www.salford.ac.uk/skills-for-learning/home/using-and-referencing-information/referencing

 

Appendices – these are not always included in published articles, but in this report, we would like you to include:

Appendix A: raw data. You can delete any columns of data that are not involved in your analysis

Appendix B: a copy of your scales

Appendix C: the SPSS output.

 

Each Appendix should have a clear title.

 

Writing a research report in Psychology – resources

• The OWL at Purdue is a really good resource for academic writing
• Writing in Psychology from The OWL

Other resources:

• Writing lab reports
• How to write a research report

 

 

 

 

Marking criteria and weighting:

 

Your report will be marked on the basis of how well you followed the above section-by-section guidelines. The marks for the different sections of your report are as follows:

 

Section	Percentage of the total mark
1) Title and abstract	10%
2) Introduction	15%
3) Method	25%
4) Results	25%
5) Discussion	15%
6) References and appendices	10%

 

 

Note: The School Word Count Policy

 

A word count limit is used for the following reasons:

 

• It encourages clear and concise expression which is important for academic writing.
• An extended essay discriminates against those who keep within the limit

 

The word count includes all citations (including dates) within the body of the text.

The word count does not include the Title, Abstract or Reference list.

The word count does not include statistical data presented in tables.

The word count does not include the appendices.

The word count must be stated on the front of the assignment.

 

The School operates a discretionary word count policy whereby staying within the limit is an assessment criteria but no specific penalties are associated with it. In other words you may lose marks for going over the word limit but there is no set way in which a penalty will be applied.